The leaders of India and Japan announced an agreement on Thursday to expand their longstanding ties as they both seek greater stability and security in a world where the United States has become deeply unpredictable and China is asserting itself more aggressively.

印度和日本领导人周四宣布达成一项协议，扩大两国长期的双边关系。在美国变得极度不可预测、中国表现得愈发咄咄逼人的当今世界，印日两国都在寻求更大的稳定与安全。

The prime ministers, Narendra Modi of India and Sanae Takaichi of Japan, said after a meeting in New Delhi that they had signed agreements covering a broad range of their most urgent concerns, including energy self-reliance, security in the Indian and Pacific Oceans and artificial intelligence.

印度总理莫迪和日本首相高市早苗在新德里会晤后表示，双方已签署了涵盖两国最紧迫关切的广泛协议，包括能源自给、印度洋和太平洋的安全以及人工智能。

“We are starting a new chapter in our special strategic and global partnership,” Mr. Modi said following the annual bilateral meeting, which took place at the prime minister’s official guest residence, a former royal palace called Hyderabad House.

“我们正在开启两国特殊战略与全球伙伴关系的新篇章，”莫迪在此次年度双边会晤后表示。该会晤在总理官方迎宾馆、前皇家宫殿海得拉巴府举行。

He characterized the agreement as a way the two nations — the world’s fourth- and fifth-largest economies — can “strengthen regional peace, maritime security and rules-based order.” India and Japan have carried out joint military exercises for years and Japan is one of India’s largest foreign investors.

他将这项协议描述为这两个国家——世界第四和第五大经济体——“加强地区和平、海上安全及基于规则的秩序”的一种方式。印度和日本多年来一直开展联合军事演习，日本也是印度最大的外国投资者之一。

Ms. Takaichi, who arrived in New Delhi on Wednesday for a three-day visit, her first to India as prime minister, said “the most important thing is for Japan and India to leverage each other’s strengths.” The two leaders appeared at ease in each other’s presence, with Mr. Modi at one point affectionately describing Ms. Takaichi as a “younger sister.”

高市早苗于周三抵达新德里，开始为期三天的访问，这也是她就任首相以来首次访问印度。她表示，“最重要的是日本和印度要发挥各自的优势。”两位领导人相处时显得轻松自如，莫迪甚至一度亲切地称高市早苗为“妹妹”。

Though neither leader mentioned the United States, China or their respective leaders, Mr. Modi’s reference to “uncertain times” needed little explanation. The decision by President Trump to start a war with Iran resulted in the shuttering of the Strait of Hormuz and the choking off of a considerable portion of the world’s oil and gas supply.

尽管两位领导人都没有提及美国、中国或两国各自的领导人，但莫迪所称的“不确定时期”几乎不需要过多解释。特朗普总统发动对伊朗战争的决定导致了霍尔木兹海峡关闭，并切断了全球相当一部分的石油和天然气供应。

Asian countries that import the vast majority of their oil from the Middle East were hit especially hard. Japan typically sources more than 90 percent of its oil from the region. As part of the agreements announced on Thursday, India and Japan will work more closely together to build up their strategic energy reserves and invest in maritime transport of those supplies.

从中东进口绝大部分石油的亚洲国家遭受了尤为严重的打击。日本通常有90%以上的石油供应来自该地区。根据周四宣布的一系列协议，印度和日本将开展更紧密的合作，扩充战略能源储备，并投资这些能源的海上运输。

India had been running perilously low on oil, having exhausted nearly all of its reserves while the strait was closed. That caused fuel shortages across the country, adding another hardship in an economy already unsettled by Mr. Trump’s tariffs and a weakening rupee.

印度的石油储备曾处于极度危险的低水平，在海峡关闭期间几乎耗尽所有库存。这导致了全国范围内的燃料短缺，令原本就因特朗普的关税政策和卢比贬值而动荡不定的经济雪上加霜。

5月，在霍尔木兹海峡关闭导致油价上涨之际，印度古吉拉特邦的村民们在一家加油站前排起长队。

China has long been another factor in boosting India-Japan ties. While India and China are on more stable terms lately after years of worsening relations and increased trade restrictions, Japan and China have entered a period of heightened tensions.

长期以来，中国一直是推动印日关系发展的另一个因素。经历了多年关系恶化和贸易限制加剧后，印中关系近来趋于稳定，日本和中国却进入了紧张加剧的时期。

China has led an all-out effort in recent months to punish Japan over a remark by Ms. Takaichi, an outspoken critic of Beijing. In November, she told the Japanese Parliament that a hypothetical Chinese attack on Taiwan could incite a military response from Tokyo. China, which considers Taiwan, a self-governed democracy, part of its territory, has responded by restricting exports of critical minerals to Japan; increasing military patrols; and discouraging tourism to Japan.

近几个月来，中国全力以赴惩罚日本，起因是高市早苗的言论，她一向毫不避讳批评北京。去年11月，她在日本国会表示，假设中国对台湾发动攻击，东京可能作出军事回应。中国一直将自治的民主政体台湾视为其领土的一部分。作为回应，中国限制了对日本的关键矿物出口，增加了军事巡逻，并劝阻民众赴日旅游。

As she deals with Chinese pressure, Ms. Takaichi has worked to cultivate warm ties with Mr. Trump and to persuade the United States, its main ally, for security, to maintain its commitments in the region.

在应对来自中国的压力时，高市早苗努力与特朗普培养良好的关系，并试图说服其主要安全盟友美国维持对该地区的安全承诺。

At the same time, Ms. Takaichi has sought to deepen alliances with other partners in Asia, presenting Japan as a force for stability and strength in a region increasingly rattled by China’s assertive posturing.

与此同时，高市早苗也在寻求深化与亚洲其他伙伴的联盟，将日本塑造成该地区稳定而强大的力量，中国咄咄逼人的姿态正日益在这里引发动荡。

Ms. Takaichi’s government recently reversed longstanding limits on the sale of Japan-made weapons overseas, and some experts have urged Tokyo to explore the possibility of exporting warships and defense technology to India. Japan is already in talks with Australia, the Philippines, Indonesia and other countries about defense exports.

高市早苗领导的政府最近撤销了长期以来对日本制造武器出口的限制，一些专家敦促东京探讨向印度出口军舰和国防技术的可能性。目前，日本已经开始与澳大利亚、菲律宾、印度尼西亚等国就国防出口展开谈判。

Ms. Takaichi and Mr. Modi announced on Thursday that their defense and foreign ministers would meet later this year.

高市早苗和莫迪周四宣布，两国的国防部长和外交部长将于今年晚些时候举行会晤。