Since the Iran war began in late February, the United States has burned through around 1,100 of its long-range stealth cruise missiles built for a war with China, close to the total number remaining in the U.S. stockpile. The military has fired off more than 1,000 Tomahawk cruise missiles, roughly 10 times the number it currently buys each year.

自伊朗战争于2月下旬爆发以来，美国已消耗了约1100枚为与中国开战而制造的远程隐身巡航导弹，接近剩余库存的总量。军方还发射了1000多枚“战斧”巡航导弹，这大约是其目前年采购量的10倍。

The Pentagon used more than 1,200 Patriot interceptor missiles in the war, at more than $4 million a pop, and more than 1,000 Precision Strike and ATACMS ground-based missiles, leaving inventories worrisomely low, according to internal Defense Department estimates and congressional officials.

根据国防部内部评估和国会官员的说法，五角大楼在这场战争中使用了1200多枚“爱国者”拦截导弹（每枚成本超过400万美元）以及1000多枚“精确打击”和“陆军战术导弹系统”(ATACMS)等陆基导弹，致使库存水平降至令人担忧的低点。

The Iran war has significantly drained much of the U.S. military’s global supply of munitions, and forced the Pentagon to rush bombs, missiles and other hardware to the Middle East from commands in Asia and Europe. The drawdowns have left these regional commands less ready to confront potential adversaries like Russia and China, and it has forced the United States to find ways to scale up production to address the depletions, Trump administration and congressional officials say.

特朗普政府及国会官员表示，伊朗战争已大量消耗了美军在全球范围内的弹药库存，并迫使五角大楼紧急从亚洲和欧洲的司令部向中东调运炸弹、导弹及其他武器装备。这种调拨导致各地区司令部应对俄罗斯和中国等潜在对手的准备能力下降，同时也迫使美国寻求扩大生产以填补库存空缺。

The conflict has also underscored the Pentagon’s overreliance on excessively expensive missiles and munitions, especially air-defense interceptors, as well as concerns about whether the defense industry can develop cheaper arms, especially attack drones, far more quickly.

此次冲突也凸显了五角大楼对价格过于昂贵的导弹和弹药（特别是防空拦截弹）的过度依赖，并引发了人们对国防工业能否更快地开发出更廉价武器（尤其是攻击无人机）的担忧。

The Defense Department has not disclosed how many munitions it used in 38 days of war before a cease-fire took effect two weeks ago. The Pentagon says it hit more than 13,000 targets, but officials say that figure masks the vast number of bombs and missiles it used because warplanes, attack planes and artillery typically strike large targets multiple times.

国防部尚未披露停火生效前这38天的战争所使用的弹药数量。五角大楼称其打击了超过1.3万个目标，但官员们表示，这一数字掩盖了实际使用的庞大炸弹和导弹数量，因为战机、攻击性飞机和火炮通常会对大型目标实施多次打击。

White House officials have refused to estimate the cost of the conflict so far, but two independent groups say the expense is staggering: between $28 billion and $35 billion, or just under $1 billion a day.

白宫官员迄今拒绝估算冲突成本，但两个独立研究机构称费用惊人：在280亿至350亿美元之间，相当于日均消耗近10亿美元。

In the first two days alone, defense officials have told lawmakers, the military used $5.6 billion of munitions.

国防官员告诉国会议员，仅在最初的两天，军方就消耗了56亿美元的弹药。

To restore the U.S. global stockpile to its previous size, the United States will have to make tough choices about where to maintain its military strength in the meantime. “At current production rates, reconstituting what we have expended could take years,” Senator Jack Reed of Rhode Island, the top Democrat on the Armed Services Committee, said this week.

为将美国全球库存恢复到原有水平，美国在此期间不得不就如何维持其军事力量做出艰难抉择。参议院军事委员会首席民主党议员、罗德岛州参议员杰克·里德本周表示：“以目前的生产速度，补充已消耗的弹药可能需要数年时间。”

“The United States has many munitions with adequate inventories, but some critical ground-attack and missile-defense munitions were short before the war and are even shorter now,” said Mark F. Cancian, a retired Marine Corps colonel and a senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, which recently published a study estimating the status of key munitions.

美国海军陆战队退役上校、战略与国际研究中心高级顾问马克·F·坎西安指出：“美军虽有许多弹药库存充足，但部分关键对地攻击和导弹防御弹药在战前就已短缺，目前缺口更大了。”该中心近期发布了一份研究报告，评估了关键弹药的库存状况。

Karoline Leavitt, the White House press secretary, said in a statement that “the entire premise of this story is false.” She added: “The United States of America has the most powerful military in the world, fully loaded with more than enough weapons and munitions, in stockpiles here at home and all around the globe, to effectively defend the homeland and achieve any military operation directed by the commander in chief.”

白宫新闻秘书卡洛琳·利维特发表声明称：“这篇报道的前提完全错误。”她补充道：“美国拥有世界上最强大的军队，在国内及全球储备的武器弹药足以有效保卫国土，并完成总司令指挥的任何军事行动。”

Sean Parnell, the Pentagon’s chief spokesman, declined to comment on “any specific theater requirements or detail our global resource capabilities,” citing operational security.

五角大楼首席发言人肖恩·帕内尔以作战安全为由拒绝就“任何特定战区需求或全球资源能力详情”置评。

Some Republicans, including Senator Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, the chairman of the subcommittee that funds the Pentagon, have pressed for an increase in spending on munitions production over several administrations. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth has made that goal a top priority during his tenure.

包括参议院负责向五角大楼拨款的小组委员会的主席、肯塔基州参议员米奇·麦康奈尔在内，一些共和党人多年来一直呼吁增加弹药生产拨款。国防部长皮特·海格塞斯也已将此目标列为其任期内的首要任务。

Making things more perilous for the Pentagon, officials say, is that the Defense Department is waiting for Congress to approve additional funding before it can pay weapons manufacturers to replenish the depleted American supply. In January, the administration announced that it had secured seven-year agreements with major defense contractors, including Lockheed Martin, to increase production capacity for defense systems like missile interceptors.

官员们称，令五角大楼处境更加严峻的是，国防部正在等待国会批准额外拨款，才能向武器制造商支付费用以补充美国耗尽的库存。今年1月，政府宣布已与洛克希德·马丁等主要国防承包商达成七年期协议，以提升导弹拦截系统等防御武器的产能。

In the meantime, the military is using its existing weapons supplies at steep rates to meet Central Command’s immediate needs in the Iran war. Certain munition levels are shrinking faster than others.

与此同时，军方正在以惊人的速度消耗现有武器库存，以满足中央司令部在伊朗战争中的紧急需求。某些弹药的库存水平正在以比其他物资更快的速度缩减。

The Pentagon, for example, has committed most of its inventory of stealthy, long-range cruise missiles to the fight against Iran. These missiles, called Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile-Extended Range, or JASSM-ER, are launched from fighters and bombers and have a range of more than 600 miles. They are designed to penetrate hard targets outside the range of enemy air defenses.

例如，五角大楼已将其大部分远程隐身巡航导弹库存投入到对伊朗的作战中。这些被称为“联合空对地防区外导弹-增程型”(JASSM-ER)的导弹由战斗机和轰炸机发射，射程超过600英里，用于在敌方防空火力圈外发射，打击坚固目标。

Since the war started, the military has used about 1,100 JASSM-ER missiles, which cost roughly $1.1 million apiece, leaving roughly 1,500 in the military’s inventories, according to internal Pentagon estimates, a U.S. military official and a congressional official who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss confidential combat assessments.

根据五角大楼内部评估、一名美军官员和一名国会官员（他们因涉及机密作战评估而要求匿名）的说法，自战争开始以来，军方已使用了约1100枚JASSM-ER导弹（每枚成本约110万美元），库存中大约还剩1500枚。

Tomahawks, which cost about $3.6 million each, are long-range cruise missiles that have been widely used for U.S. warfighting since the first Persian Gulf War in 1991. They remain a key munition for potential future wars, including one in Asia.

“战斧”巡航导弹（每枚成本约360万美元）是一种远程巡航导弹，自1991年第一次海湾战争以来一直被美军广泛用于作战，并且仍是包括可能在亚洲发生的战争在内的未来潜在冲突中的关键弹药。

“While sufficient munitions exist to wage this war, high expenditure of Tomahawks and other missiles in Operation Epic Fury creates risks for the United States in other theaters — particularly the Western Pacific,” concluded a C.S.I.S. study, which estimated the remaining Tomahawk stockpiles to be around 3,000 missiles.

战略与国际研究中心的一项研究得出结论：“尽管有足够弹药支持这场战争，但‘史诗愤怒’行动中战斧及其他导弹的高消耗率给美国在其他战区（尤其是西太平洋）带来了风险。”该研究估计，“战斧”导弹的剩余库存约为3000枚。

Patriot interceptor missiles can cost nearly $4 million each. The United States produced about 600 of them in all of 2025. More than 1,200 have been used in the war so far, according to internal Pentagon estimates and congressional officials.

“爱国者”拦截导弹每枚成本近400万美元。美国在2025年全年共生产了约600枚。根据五角大楼内部评估和国会官员的说法，截至目前，战争中已使用了超过1200枚。

Overall, the cost of the war so far is between $25 billion and $35 billion, according to a study this month by the American Enterprise Institute compiled by Elaine McCusker, a senior Pentagon official during the first Trump administration. Mr. Cancian of C.S.I.S. said in an email that he and his analysts put the cost of the conflict so far at about $28 billion.

总体而言，根据美国企业研究所本月发布的一份研究报告（由特朗普第一任期内的五角大楼高级官员伊莱恩·麦卡斯克汇编），截至目前战争的总体成本在250亿至350亿美元之间。战略与国际研究中心的坎西安在一封电子邮件中表示，他及其分析师将此次冲突截至目前的总成本估算为约280亿美元。

All regional military commanders are feeling the strain of shrinking munitions stocks.

所有地区的军事指挥官都感受到了弹药库存缩减的压力。

In Europe, the war has led to depletions in weapons systems critical for defending the eastern flank of NATO from Russian aggression, according to Pentagon information reviewed by The New York Times.

根据《纽约时报》审阅的五角大楼文件，在欧洲，这场战争已导致用于防御北约东翼免受俄罗斯侵略的关键武器系统库存枯竭。

A problem described as serious was the loss of surveillance and attack drones. The demands of the Iran war have also curtailed exercises and training. According to military officials, this hurts the ability to mount offensive operations in Europe, as well as deterrence of potential Russian attacks.

一个被描述为严重的问题是监视和攻击无人机的损失。伊朗战争的需求还减少了演习和训练。据军方官员称，这损害了在欧洲发动进攻行动的能力，以及对潜在俄罗斯攻击的威慑力。

But the biggest impact has been on troops in Asia.

但受影响最大的是在亚洲的部队。

Before the war with Iran started, American military commanders redirected the U.S.S. Abraham Lincoln carrier strike group from the South China Sea to the Middle East. Since then, two Marine Expeditionary Units, each with about 2,200 Marines, have been sent to the Middle East from the Pacific. The Pentagon has also moved sophisticated air defenses from Asia to bolster protection against Iran’s drones and rockets.

在与伊朗的战争开始前，美军指挥官已将“亚伯拉罕·林肯”号航母打击群从南海调往中东。此后，两个海军陆战队远征部队（各包括约2200名陆战队员）已从太平洋被派往中东。五角大楼还从亚洲调走了先进的防空系统，以加强针对伊朗无人机和火箭弹的防护。

The redirected weapons include Patriot missiles and interceptors from the THAAD system in South Korea — the only Asian ally hosting the advanced missile defense system, deployed by the Pentagon to counter North Korea’s growing missile threat. Now, for the first time, the system’s interceptors are being moved away, according to American officials.

调动的武器包括来自韩国的“爱国者”导弹和“萨德”系统拦截弹——韩国是唯一一个部署了该先进导弹防御系统的亚洲盟友，该系统是五角大楼为应对朝鲜日益增长的导弹威胁而部署的。据美国官员称，这是该系统拦截弹首次被调走。

U.S. readiness in the Pacific was hurt earlier by the Pentagon’s deployment of warships and aircraft to the Middle East after the Israel-Gaza war began in October 2023 and after Houthi militia forces in Yemen started attacking ships in the Red Sea to support the Palestinians, the officials say.

官员们称，美军在太平洋的战备状态此前已受到损害，原因是2023年10月以哈战争爆发后，以及也门胡塞武装为支持巴勒斯坦人开始在红海袭击船只后，五角大楼向中东部署了军舰和飞机。

The monthlong bombing campaign against the Houthis last year — an operation the Pentagon called Rough Rider — was much larger than the Trump administration initially disclosed at the time. The Pentagon used up about $200 million of munitions in the first three weeks alone, U.S. officials said. The costs of the overall operation far exceeded $1 billion when operational and personnel expenses were taken into account, the officials added.

去年对胡塞武装长达一个月的轰炸行动（五角大楼称之为“莽骑兵”行动）的规模比特朗普政府最初披露的要大得多。美国官员称，仅在前三周，五角大楼就消耗了价值约2亿美元的弹药。官员们补充说，如果考虑到行动和人员费用，整个行动的成本远超10亿美元。

The American ships and aircraft, as well as the service members working on them, are being pushed at what the military calls a high operating tempo. Even basic equipment maintenance becomes an issue under those grinding conditions.

美国的军舰和飞机，以及为其服务的军人，正以军方所称的高运行节奏运转。在这种严酷的条件下，即使是基本的设备维护也成了问题。