President Trump has proposed tariffs of at least 10 percent on 60 American trading partners, his most aggressive effort yet to enact new import duties after the Supreme Court struck down the administration’s sweeping tariffs.

特朗普总统提议对60个美国贸易伙伴征收至少10%的关税，这是自最高法院推翻政府大规模关税措施以来，他提出的最激进的新进口税计划。

Jamieson Greer, the U.S. trade representative, said on Tuesday night that investigations found that the 59 countries, along with the 27-nation European Union, had failed to enact or effectively enforce laws prohibiting imports made with forced labor.

美国贸易代表詹姆森·格里尔周二晚间表示，调查发现59个国家以及包括27国的欧盟未能制定或有效执行禁止进口强迫劳动产品的法律。

The administration, invoking a legal provision known as Section 301, proposed a 12.5 percent duty on imports from countries including China, Brazil, South Korea, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Goods from the European Union, Canada and Mexico would face 10 percent import taxes.

政府援引名为“301条款”的法律规定，提议对中国、巴西、韩国、瑞士和英国等国进口商品征收12.5%的关税。来自欧盟、加拿大和墨西哥的商品将面临10%的进口税。

Mr. Trump has signaled he intends to use Section 301 to rebuild his tariff agenda after the Supreme Court ruled that he exceeded his authority by using the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, or IEEPA, to impose duties without congressional approval.

特朗普已表示，他打算利用301条款重建其关税议程，此前最高法院裁定，他未经国会批准便使用《国际紧急经济权力法》（简称IEEPA）征收关税的行为超出了其权限。

After the court struck down those tariffs, Mr. Trump sought to revive them partially with a global 10 percent duty under Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974, a never-before-used provision. A trade court ruled in May that the move violated the law. The tariffs were initially scheduled to expire at the end of July.

在法院推翻那些关税后，特朗普试图通过1974年《贸易法》第122条下的全球10%关税部分恢复原措施，该条款此前从未被使用过。一家贸易法院于5月裁定此举违法。这些关税最初定于7月底到期。

Mr. Greer’s office has also opened an investigation into what the Trump administration has described as “excess manufacturing capacity” among 16 of America’s largest trading partners.

格里尔的办公室还启动了一项调查，针对特朗普政府所称的美国16个最大贸易伙伴“制造产能过剩”问题。

“Following the Supreme Court overturning the IEEPA tariffs, a legal basis was needed to rebuild Trump’s tariff wall, and this was a convenient way to do so,” said Steve Okun, chief executive of APAC Advisors, a geopolitical consulting firm.

“在最高法院推翻IEEPA关税之后，需要一个法律基础来重建特朗普的关税壁垒，而这是一种便捷的方式，”地缘政治咨询公司APAC Advisors首席执行官史蒂夫·奥昆表示。

Mr. Okun added: “Tariffs are here to stay under the Trump administration.”

此外奥昆还说：“在特朗普政府任内，关税将长期存在。”

Mr. Greer’s office is scheduled to hold hearings on July 7 about the proposed tariffs, which would take effect sometime after that.

格里尔的办公室定于7月7日就拟议关税举行听证会，这些关税将在听证会后某个时间生效。

“The failure of our most important trading partners to address the importation of goods made with forced labor is unacceptable,” Mr. Greer said in a statement. “This creates a dynamic where American workers are forced to compete globally on an unlevel playing field.”

“我们最重要的贸易伙伴未能解决强迫劳动产品进口的问题，这是不可接受的，”格里尔在一份声明中表示。“这造成了一种局面，让美国工人不得不在全球不公平的竞争环境中竞争。”

Some products would be exempt from the tariffs, including beef, bananas, coffee, steel and a slate of critical minerals.

部分产品将免于被征收关税，包括牛肉、香蕉、咖啡、钢铁以及一系列关键矿产。

The move is likely to anger some of the United States’ closest trading partners, whose relations with Washington have been whipsawed by contentious negotiations and the Supreme Court’s ruling in February.

此举很可能激怒美国一些最亲密的贸易伙伴，它们与美国的关系已经因充满分歧的谈判和最高法院2月的裁决而起伏不定。

In the days after Mr. Trump’s meeting with Xi Jinping, China’s top leader, in Beijing last month, the Chinese government sought to draw a line under trade tensions, saying both sides had agreed not to raise tariffs further and warning that it could retaliate if Washington did so again.

上个月特朗普在北京与习近平主席会晤后的几天里，中国政府试图为贸易紧张局势画上句号，称双方已同意不再进一步提高关税，并警告如果华盛顿再次加征关税，中方可能进行反制。

Mao Ning, a spokeswoman for the Chinese foreign ministry, told reporters on Wednesday that it opposed unilateral tariff measures in all forms. “Tariff wars and trade wars are not in the interests of any party,” she said.

中国外交部发言人毛宁周三对记者表示，中方反对一切形式的单边关税措施。“关税战、贸易战不符合任何一方的利益，”她说。

Olof Gill, a spokesman for the European Commission, said the European Union is “fully committed” to eliminating goods made with forced labor from global supply chains and had already entered a joint agreement with the United States to work together to protect labor rights.

欧盟委员会发言人奥洛夫·吉尔表示，欧盟“全心致力于”将强迫劳动产品从全球供应链中清除，并已与美国达成一项联合协议，共同努力保护劳工权利。

Augustine Lo, a trade attorney at Dorsey & Whitney, a law firm, noted that the proposed duties “closely track the trade deals that the Trump administration made with certain countries before the court invalidated the IEEPA tariffs.”

多尔西·惠特尼律师事务所贸易律师奥古斯丁·洛指出，拟议的关税“与特朗普政府在法院宣布IEEPA关税无效之前与某些国家达成的贸易协议密切相关”。

In a 98-page report released with the proposal, Mr. Greer’s office detailed what it described as the failures of the countries to adequately address goods produced with forced labor.

在与提案一同发布的98页报告中，格里尔的办公室详细说明了这些国家在妥善处理强迫劳动产品问题上的失职。

The report highlighted the prevalence of forced labor involving Uyghurs and other ethnic minorities in the production of cotton and polysilicon in China’s western Xinjiang region. Researchers have cited evidence of forced labor, mass detentions and the incarceration of Muslim ethnic groups, including Uyghurs, in re-education camps there.

报告重点指出了维吾尔人和其他少数民族在中国西部新疆地区棉花和多晶硅生产中涉及的强迫劳动问题。研究人员提供了强迫劳动、大规模拘留以及穆斯林少数民族（包括维吾尔人）被关进再教育营的证据。

The Chinese government denied the presence of any forced labor in its supply chains. Ms. Mao said there was “no such thing as forced labor in China,” and that Beijing opposed “using this as pretext for political manipulation.”

中国政府否认其供应链中存在任何强迫劳动。毛宁表示，中国“不存在所谓‘强迫劳动’”，北京反对“以此为借口搞政治操弄”。

Trump administration officials justified the proposed 10 percent tariff on the European Union by arguing that the bloc’s recently adopted regulation banning imports made with forced labor will not take effect until the end of 2027.

特朗普政府官员为对欧盟征收10%关税的提议辩护，理由是欧盟最近通过的禁止进口强迫劳动产品的法规要到2027年底才生效。

“Because the European Union cannot enforce its measure until that date, it follows that it cannot do so ‘effectively’ until then,” the report said.

“由于欧盟在该日期之前无法执行其措施，因此可以推断在此之前它无法‘有效’执行，”报告称。

Some justifications are likely to even further frustrate trade allies. The report pointed to a surge in Brazilian beef exports to China. Brazil, a major supplier of beef to China, deepened its trade ties with Beijing after American beef became a casualty of Mr. Trump’s trade war.

一些理由可能会进一步激怒贸易盟友。报告指出巴西对华牛肉出口激增。在美国牛肉因特朗普的贸易战受损后，作为中国主要牛肉供应国的巴西深化了与北京的贸易联系。

The report suggested that China’s willingness to buy Brazilian beef, likely produced with forced labor had “distorted competition” by creating a cost advantage.

报告暗示，中国愿意购买很可能使用强迫劳动生产的巴西牛肉，通过创造成本优势“扭曲了竞争”。

“Although other factors, such as the size of the U.S. beef herd, may have also influenced competition between beef from the United States and Brazil," it said. “Nevertheless with a forced labor import prohibition, the United States would likely have experienced greater sales, revenues, and exports of beef to China, all else equal.”

“其他因素，例如美国牛群规模，也可能影响美国与巴西牛肉之间的竞争，”报告称。“然而，在存在强迫劳动进口禁令的情况下，假如其它条件不变，美国对华牛肉销售、收入和出口很可能都会增加。”