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美国大麻农场背后的纽约华人同乡会“大佬”

JAY ROOT, BIANCA PALLARO, 傅才德

俄克拉荷马州温伍德的Botanical Green Farms是与纽约市华人侨民团体领导人有联系的几家大麻农场之一。 Shuran Huang for The New York Times

The police found him in his bedroom in Edmond, Okla., facedown, dead from a gunshot wound and still gripping the bloody kitchen knife he had used to try to defend himself.

警方是在俄克拉荷马州埃德蒙市的一间卧室里发现他的,这名男子面朝下倒在地上,死于枪伤,手中仍紧握着那把沾满鲜血的厨刀,他曾试图用这把刀来自卫。

His name was Wyan Wang, his job was in cannabis and he was a victim, investigators would say, of a robbery, one of many targeting the cash-heavy marijuana industry in Oklahoma in recent years.

他名为王晓华,从事大麻行业。调查人员称,他是近年俄克拉荷马州针对现金充裕的大麻产业的众多抢劫案受害者之一。

But his web of connections extended far from the prairies of suburban Oklahoma City — to the boardrooms of Manhattan, where he was a protégé of a real estate mogul named John Lam.

但他的关系网超越俄克拉荷马城郊区的草原地带,延伸至曼哈顿的董事会,在那里,他是房地产大亨林建中的门徒。

Mr. Lam had developed at least 50 projects in New York and had recently teamed up with the British billionaire Richard Branson to open a trendy hotel in Midtown Manhattan. He was a prominent fund-raiser for Mayor Eric Adams.

林建中在纽约至少开发了50个项目,最近还与英国亿万富翁理查德·布兰森合作,在曼哈顿中城开了一家时髦酒店。他还曾是纽约市长埃里克·亚当斯的重要筹款人。

And he had served as a top leader of a New York City Chinese heritage organization, known among the diaspora as a hometown association. It was one of a number of such groups that have maintained close ties to Beijing — and have become useful tools of China’s government to undermine politicians who oppose its authoritarian policies.

此外,他曾担任纽约市一个华裔文化组织的高层领导人,这样的组织在侨民中被称为同乡会。这类组织中有很多都和北京保持着密切联系,并成为中国政府的得力工具,用来打压反对其威权政策的政界人士

A New York Times examination of the groups’ dealings found that nearly a dozen people connected with the hometown associations have tried to carve out lucrative sidelines on marijuana farms in America’s heartland, where immigrant workers have often been treated like indentured servants and the true ownership of the operations has been obscured.

《纽约时报》对这些组织的交易进行调查后发现,近12名与同乡会相关的人士试图在美国腹地的大麻农场开辟利润丰厚的副业。这些农场常将移民工人当作契约奴工般对待,农场的实际所有权也被刻意隐瞒。

00ccp pot pcwm master1050林建中(右)出席9月在皇后区法拉盛举行的晚宴,该活动由美国福建总商会会长林河(左)主办。

Court records show that Mr. Lam purchased the land and structures for Mr. Wang to operate a marijuana farm near Oklahoma City in 2021, although Mr. Lam denied any involvement in its day-to-day operations.

法庭记录显示,2021年,林建中为王晓华购下俄克拉荷马城附近一处土地和建筑,用于经营大麻农场。不过林建中否认参与该农场的日常运营。

The Times also identified four other leaders of New York City hometown associations who have financed or otherwise have connections to cannabis farms in Oklahoma.

《纽约时报》还确认了另外四名纽约市同乡会领导人,他们要么为俄克拉荷马州的大麻农场提供资金,要么与之存在关联。

Those included Mr. Wang, who had helmed the pro-Beijing Taishan Du Hu Association of America and whose killing in January 2025, along with court proceedings that followed it, offered a rare look at how the groups’ officials have sought to gain a foothold in a booming industry far from their New York headquarters.

其中就包括王晓华,他曾担任亲北京的美国都斛同乡总会的负责人。2025年1月他的遇害事件以及随后的法庭诉讼为让外界提供了一个罕见的机会,得以窥见这些组织的负责人如何试图在远离纽约总部的一个蓬勃发展的产业中站稳脚跟。

No law bars such investors from taking stakes in Oklahoma cannabis farms, but all operations must be 75 percent owned by Oklahoma residents and operators must obtain a state license and local permits and fully disclose all ownership stakes in each farm.

法律并不禁止此类投资者入股俄克拉荷马州大麻农场,但所有经营实体必须由俄克拉荷马州居民持有75%股权,经营者需获得州政府执照和地方许可,并完整披露每个农场的所有所有权股份。

None of the marijuana produced on Oklahoma farms can legally be sold outside the state. Even so, in 2023, Oklahoma’s attorney general estimated that 40 percent of the cannabis consumed in New York came from his state.

该州农场生产的大麻依法不得跨州销售。即便如此,2023年俄克拉荷马州总检察长估计,纽约州消费的大麻中40%来自该州。

All of the farms linked to the hometown associations are under investigation by the authorities in Oklahoma; Mr. Wang’s operation was shut down in 2022 for operating without a license, but Mr. Wang continued to work in the business after that, records show.

所有与同乡会相关的农场均在俄克拉荷马州当局的调查范围内;记录显示,王晓华的农场因无证经营于2022年被关停,但此后他仍继续在大麻行业工作。

The leaders of the hometown associations were among thousands of Chinese-born businessmen and workers who have flocked to the state to take advantage of cheap land and an industry-written law — unique in the United States — that allows growers to plant unlimited amounts of marijuana.

这些同乡会的领导者是数以千计涌入该州的华裔商人和工人中的一员。他们看中了廉价土地和一项全美独有的行业制定法律——该法律允许种植者无限量种植大麻。

Instead of revitalizing Oklahoma’s rural economy as many had hoped, though, the law has fed a thriving market for bootleg cannabis, where suppliers ignore laws banning marijuana trafficking, undercut legitimate sellers and skirt taxes and safety testing, officials said.

但官员们表示,该法案非但未能如预期振兴俄克拉荷马州农村经济,反而催生了繁荣的非法大麻市场:供应商无视禁止大麻走私的法律,压低合法销售者的价格,逃避税收和安全检测。

Whether some of the Chinese-born businessmen have acted with the tacit approval of the Chinese government remains an open question. The Times found no evidence that Chinese officials were involved in operating or supporting the marijuana farms, but, as The Times reported in August, the Chinese government has treated the hometown association leaders as favorite sons of the motherland.

部分华裔商人的行为是否得到中国政府的默许,目前仍无定论。《纽约时报》未发现中国官员参与运营或支持这些大麻农场的证据,但正如本报8月报道的那样,中国政府一直将同乡会领导人视为祖国的骄傲

At a hearing held by the House Homeland Security Committee in September, lawmakers from both parties suggested China is benefiting from marijuana industry investments by Chinese-born entrepreneurs, and they cast the farms as components of a broader criminal enterprise involving human smuggling, forced labor and money laundering.

在9月众议院国土安全委员会举行的听证会上,两党议员均表示,中国正从华裔企业家的大麻产业投资中获益,并指出这些农场是涉及人口走私、强迫劳动和洗钱的更广泛犯罪网络的一部分。

Donnie Anderson, director of the Oklahoma Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs Control, which has shut down hundreds of illegal marijuana farms, said in an interview that ethnic Chinese businessmen had been “providing staggering amounts of cash to build industrial-sized farms all over the state.” Mr. Anderson said most of the farms he had shut down were run by people of Chinese descent.

俄克拉荷马州麻醉品与危险药物管理局局长唐尼·安德森已关停数以百计非法大麻农场。他在采访中表示,华裔商人“提供了巨额现金,在全州各地建造工业化规模的农场”,且他关停的大多数农场均由华裔运营。

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俄克拉荷马州麻醉品和危险药物管理局局长唐尼·安德森表示,该机构曾试图打击无证大麻经营活动。

One undeniable element of the boom has been the influx in recent years of Chinese immigrants from New York who are helping to power it, sometimes while working in appalling conditions.

这场产业繁荣中有一个现象是不可否认的:近年来,大量来自纽约的中国移民涌入其中,为其提供了动力,有时这些人还需在恶劣的条件下工作。

Of the nearly 2,500 active marijuana cultivation licenses issued by the state, at least 10 percent list addresses or phone numbers in one of New York City’s five boroughs, primarily the neighborhoods of Sunset Park in Brooklyn and Flushing in Queens, a Times analysis showed.

《纽约时报》的分析显示,俄克拉荷马州发放的近2500个有效大麻种植许可证中,至少10%的许可证登记地址或电话号码位于纽约市的五个行政区,主要集中在布鲁克林的日落公园和皇后区的法拉盛。

In interviews, marijuana industry entrepreneurs of Chinese descent said they abide by all state and federal laws, and some said they believed the authorities were targeting them out of racism.

接受采访的华裔大麻产业经营者表示,他们遵守所有州和联邦法律,部分人认为当局之所以针对他们,是出于种族主义。

“They want all the Asian guys out,” said one operator, Chen Xiang, 35, who said he owns 20 farms across the state.

“他们想把所有亚裔人赶出去,”35岁的经营者陈湘说,他说自己在俄克拉荷马拥有20个农场。

An Illegal Operation

非法运营的农场

By any measure, John Lam is a powerful figure in New York’s Chinese diaspora, the largest outside East Asia.

无论从何种标准衡量,林建中都是纽约华人侨界——东亚以外最大的华人社区——的权势人物。

He served as president of the Guangdong Association of America, one of the biggest and most pro-Beijing hometown associations in the city, as well as an adviser to an affiliate of the United Front, an organ of the Chinese Communist Party that seeks to expand the party’s influence at home and abroad.

他曾担任美国广东侨胞联合总会总理——该组织是纽约最大、最亲北京的同乡会之一,同时还是中共统战部下属机构的顾问。统战部是中共旨在扩大其国内外影响力的机构。

Mr. Wang, who worked for Mr. Lam’s company, Lam Group, as head of the division that recruited investors in China, had also founded a hometown association representing people from his native Guangdong Province. That group supports Chinese government policies such as the crackdown on Hong Kong’s civil liberties. It also backed Mr. Adams’s mayoral campaign in 2021.

王晓华曾在林建中的公司林氏集团任职,负责在中国招募投资者,他还成立了一个代表其故乡广东省人士的同乡会。该组织支持中国政府的多项政策(如打压香港公民自由),并在2021年支持亚当斯竞选市长。

00ccp pot kzwt master1050前俄克拉荷马州大麻种植者切尔西·戴维斯以150万美元的价格将其农场出售给王晓华和林建中。

In summer 2021, Mr. Wang approached a marijuana grower in Del City, Okla., Chelsey Davis, and offered to take over his business for payments totaling about $1.5 million.

2021年夏天,王晓华联系上俄克拉荷马州德尔市的大麻种植者切尔西·戴维斯,提出以总计约150万美元的价格接手其生意。

Mr. Davis, 51, said the Chinese laborers who started at the farm after he sold it often endured harsh conditions and long hours; some were even forced to urinate in five-gallon fertilizer containers rather than step away from the processing line.

51岁的戴维斯表示,他出售农场后,新来的中国劳工经常面临恶劣的工作条件和漫长的工时;有些人甚至被迫在五加仑的肥料桶里小便,不能离开生产线。

“You could go at midnight — they were working,” Mr. Davis said. “You could go at 5 o’clock in the morning — they were working.”

“你半夜去——他们还在工作;清晨五点去——他们还在工作,”戴维斯说。

In August 2022, firefighters in Del City received calls about black smoke billowing from the farm.

2022年8月,德尔市消防部门接到报警,称该农场冒出滚滚黑烟。

Inside, they saw that the Chinese workers were living on-site in cramped quarters. The smoke was coming from a fire near an outdoor kitchen, complete with a wok, where firefighters found burning wood and construction materials, according to the fire chief, Z. Williams.

消防局长Z·威廉姆斯表示,消防员进入农场后发现,中国劳工住在拥挤的住所里。黑烟来自室外厨房附近的一场火灾,厨房里有一口炒锅,消防员在那里发现了燃烧的木材和建筑材料。

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俄克拉荷马州德尔城消防局长Z·威廉姆斯下令关闭王晓华的农场。

Chief Williams said he had been startled to see what the workers were relying on for food: geese and turtles caught from a city-owned lake near the property. Photos taken by the firefighters show the geese in a makeshift coop fashioned out of road construction netting and discarded trays for growing marijuana. The turtles were paddling inside water-filled containers near the kitchen.

威廉姆斯说,看到工人们的食物来源时,他感到震惊:他们食用的是从农场附近城市所有的湖泊中捕获的鹅和乌龟。消防员拍摄的照片显示,鹅被关在由道路施工网和废弃大麻种植托盘搭建的临时围栏里,乌龟则在厨房附近装满水的容器里游动。

Although Mr. Davis had obtained the proper paperwork during his ownership of the farm, Mr. Wang’s operation had failed to do the same. The firefighters found no valid marijuana cultivation licenses, or even a certificate of occupancy, that would allow Mr. Wang to grow and sell cannabis legally. The department promptly shut the operation down.

戴维斯在经营农场期间办理了所有必要手续,但在王晓华掌管下并非如此。消防员未找到有效的大麻种植许可证,甚至没有允许王晓华合法种植和销售大麻的占用许可证。消防部门随即关停了该农场。

Mr. Wang looked on as the firefighters inspected the grounds, photos of the scene show.

现场照片显示,王晓华在一旁看着消防员检查场地。

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2022年8月,德尔城消防员搜查了王晓华的大麻种植园。 Del City Fire Department

A few weeks later, city records show, Mr. Lam’s name appeared on an application for a permit to reopen the business, which city planners quickly rejected, citing the owner’s failure to obtain a marijuana license and meet safety guidelines.

城市记录显示,几周后,林建中的名字出现在一份重启该生意的许可申请中,但城市规划部门迅速驳回了申请,理由是业主未获得大麻许可证且未满足安全准则。

In an interview in Manhattan’s Chinatown, Mr. Lam denied signing that paperwork, saying he had legally empowered Mr. Wang to transact business in his name and had not kept up with the day-to-day details of the operation.

在曼哈顿唐人街的一次采访中,林建中否认签署过那份文件,称他已合法授权王晓华以其名义处理业务,且并未关注运营的日常细节。

He acknowledged buying the farm for Mr. Wang’s use but described his role in the marijuana business as little more than that of a landlord — and an unpaid one at that. He also blamed Mr. Wang, who had been trying to drum up Chinese investors for the Lam Group, for Mr. Lam’s participation in three organizations under the Communist Party’s United Front.

他承认购买农场供王晓华使用,但称自己在大麻产业中的角色只不过是“房东”——而且是无偿的。他还称是王晓华导致了他参与中共统战部下属三个组织,称王晓华当时正试图为林氏集团招募中国投资者。

“He may have mentioned them to me, but I did not understand them,” Mr. Lam said. “I did not know what kind of organizations they were.”

“他可能跟我提过这些组织,但我并不了解,”林建中说,“我不知道它们是什么性质的组织。”

Still, it was Mr. Lam who paid for the lawyers representing his interests, and those of Mr. Wang’s family, in a breach-of-contract lawsuit later filed by Mr. Davis, Mr. Lam said.

不过林建中表示,在戴维斯后来提起的违约诉讼中,是自己出钱聘请了律师,以代表他自己和王晓华家人的利益。

But instead of dwelling on the Oklahoma operation, he said, his focus has been on New York, where, in September, he was a guest of honor at a lavish party at a cavernous restaurant in Flushing. He sat at one of the head tables, along with a Chinese diplomat and local politicians.

但他说,自己并未纠结于俄克拉荷马州的这一项目,而是将重心放在纽约。9月,他在法拉盛一家宽敞的餐厅内的盛大派对上担任贵宾,与一名中国外交官和当地政界人士同坐主桌。

The host was a fast-rising and powerful hometown association leader in New York: Jason Lin.

这场派对的主办方是纽约一位迅速崛起的权势同乡会领导人林河。

Ties to New York

与纽约的关联

Mr. Lin, too, has served as president of a prominent hometown association in New York City — and had recently visited two marijuana farms in Oklahoma.

林河也曾担任纽约市一个知名同乡会的会长——且最近访问了俄克拉荷马州的两个大麻农场。

The swaggering operator of karaoke parlors, buffet restaurants and a Miami nightclub, Mr. Lin was elected president of the American Fujianese General Business Association in February 2024.

林河经营卡拉OK厅、自助餐厅和迈阿密一家夜总会,行事张扬,于2024年2月当选为美国福建总商会会长。

00ccp pot zchw master1050林河表示,他与任何大麻农场均不存在任何财务关联。

At a dinner in Flushing to celebrate his victory, the guest of honor, sitting next to Mr. Lin, was Mr. Adams, whose liaison to the Asian community at the time, Winnie Greco, was under scrutiny amid an investigation into possible Chinese interference in the 2021 mayoral race. (Mr. Lin had supported the mayor during his campaign.)

在法拉盛举行的一场庆祝他获胜的晚宴上,坐在林河旁边的贵宾是亚当斯。当时亚当斯与亚裔社区的联络人郑祺蓉正因一项针对2021年市长选举可能受到中国干扰的调查而受到审查。(林河曾在竞选期间支持这位市长。)

Also present were several people from the cannabis industry.

出席晚宴的还有几位来自大麻行业的人士。

Soon after, Mr. Lin traveled to Oklahoma City with two non-Chinese businessmen to visit two cannabis farms run by people from Mr. Lin’s native province.

不久之后,林河与两位并非华裔的商人前往俄克拉荷马城,参观了两家由他的老乡经营的大麻农场。

00ccp pot bqzh master1050林河参观位于俄克拉荷马州温伍德市的Botanical Green Farms。

Mr. Lin gave conflicting accounts about the reason for his visit.

关于此行的原因,林河给出了前后矛盾的说法。

At first, during an hourlong interview at his office building in Flushing, he said he had traveled to Oklahoma — with a marijuana-growing expert — to help friends from his native Fujian Province whose farms were struggling.

起初,在法拉盛办公室大楼里接受的一小时采访中,他说自己是带着一名大麻种植专家去俄克拉荷马,帮助来自老家福建、农场经营陷入困境的朋友。

“I have friends with farms” in Oklahoma, he said.

“我在俄克拉荷马有朋友经营农场,”他说。

But during follow-up interviews, Mr. Lin gave a different account, saying he had been simply making introductions for two non-Chinese people looking to invest in Oklahoma farms. He declined to provide names of the people with whom he had met and said he did not know the owners of the farms he had visited.

但在后续采访中,林河又给出了不同的说法,称他只是为两名希望投资俄克拉荷马农场的非华裔人士牵线搭桥。他拒绝透露与他见面者的姓名,并表示自己并不认识所参观农场的老板。

Mr. Lin said neither he nor his business association had any financial ties whatsoever to the marijuana industry, and The Times found no evidence that any such ties exist.

他表示,他本人和他的商业协会都与大麻行业没有任何财务联系,《纽约时报》也没有发现任何此类联系存在的证据。

Other prominent members of New York hometown associations have had tangled relationships with Oklahoma growing operations.

纽约一些同乡会的其他知名成员也与俄克拉荷马州的大麻种植业务有着纠缠不清的关系。

Sin Tung Chan, 76, was a member of the American Fuzhou Langqi Alumni Association before buying into two large marijuana farms in Meeker and Cleveland, Oklahoma, in 2021, state records show.

州记录显示,76岁的陈善东在2021年购入俄克拉荷马州米克和克利夫兰的两个大型大麻农场之前,是美国福州琅岐校友会的成员。

In a past life, Chan had served prison time in New York over threats he made to business rivals, one of whom was assaulted during an attempted kidnapping in 1995.

早些年,他曾因威胁商业对手而在纽约服刑——其中一名对手在1995年的一次绑架未遂中遭袭。

Now, he said in an interview, the crackdown by Oklahoma officials is souring business.

如今,他在接受采访时表示,俄克拉荷马州官员的打击行动影响了生意。

“You can’t sell this stuff now,” he said. “With all this investment, it would be a shame to just abandon it.”

他说:“现在这个东西卖不出去了。投了这么多钱,就这么放弃,太可惜了。”

And Chen Bichao, 61, the president of Chuan Shi USA Association in New York, ran a sprawling marijuana farm west of Tulsa, Oklahoma, that was ordered shut down in November for lacking a permit. In August, he appeared at an event in Flushing, flanked by two Chinese diplomats.

61岁的纽约美国川石协会会长陈必超曾在俄克拉荷马州塔尔萨西部经营一个很大的大麻农场,因没有许可证而在11月被勒令关闭。8月,他曾出席在法拉盛的一个活动,身边站着两位中国外交官。

He, too, has a criminal record, having pleaded guilty to assault in 2015 after being accused of threatening a man with a knife and taking his wallet.

他同样有犯罪记录——2015年因被控持刀威胁一名男子并抢走对方钱包而认罪。

In a phone interview, Chen said that he was in New York and that he was not the owner of the marijuana farm, only one of many small investors. (State records list him as the sole owner; Chen said the farm was simply registered under his name.)

在电话采访中,陈必超说他人在纽约,而且自己并不是大麻农场的所有者,只是众多小投资者之一。(州记录将他列为唯一所有者;陈必超称农场只是登记在他名下。)

“The farm isn’t mine; I’m just a worker helping out,” Chen said.

陈必超说:“农场不是我的;我只是个帮忙打工的。”

He also said he believed the farm was still in operation. He had not heard about the shutdown order, he said.

他还表示,他认为农场仍在运营中,并称自己未曾听说关闭令。

00ccp pot qwbp master1050位于俄克拉荷马州米克的大麻种植场Purple Ray由另一位与纽约有关联的男子陈善东经营。

A Cannabis Bonanza

大麻淘金热

The medical marijuana industry now rivals the state’s oil and gas business in revenue generated per year. From March 2024 to March 2025, Oklahoma growers produced about 50 times more marijuana than was sold at dispensaries to the state’s registered medical marijuana patients, according to figures shared by Mr. Anderson of the narcotics bureau at the September hearing in Washington.

如今,俄克拉荷马州医用大麻产业在一年所创造的收入已经可与石油和天然气行业比肩。根据前述缉毒机构的安德森在9月华盛顿听证会上提供的数据,从2024年3月至2025年3月,俄克拉荷马州的大麻种植者生产的大麻大约是向登记在册的医用大麻患者出售数量的50倍。

Law enforcement officials said that most of the excess was destined for illegal markets outside the state, despite their efforts to stop it.

执法官员表示,尽管他们努力加以阻止,但大部分过剩的大麻都流向了州外的非法市场。

While dozens of states have made it legal to possess marijuana for medical or recreational use, it remains a federal crime to transport it across state lines. The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration estimated that two-thirds of the illegal marijuana confiscated by the agency in 2024 was seized in Oklahoma.

尽管数十个州已将医疗或娱乐用途的大麻合法化,但跨州运输大麻仍然是联邦犯罪。美国缉毒局估计,2024年该机构查获的非法大麻中,有三分之二来自俄克拉荷马州。

Court records suggest that many companies are evading Oklahoma’s licensing rules through fraudulent paperwork, failure to obtain permits and the use of straw owners. In one case, a single Oklahoma resident falsely claimed to own more than 300 farms.

法庭记录显示,许多公司通过伪造文件、未取得许可以及使用名义所有者等手段,规避俄克拉荷马州的许可规定。其中一起案例中,一名俄克拉荷马州居民虚假声称自己拥有300多个农场。

00ccp pot tgml master1050陈必超在俄克拉荷马州詹宁斯的大麻种植场Chao Fattoria。

It was not clear how many of the unlicensed operations were owned by Chinese-born investors, or whether the Chinese government, or its politically connected elites, might be somehow benefiting from the tens of billions of dollars per year the farms generate.

目前尚不清楚,有多少无证经营的农场属于华裔投资者所有,也不清楚中国政府或与其有政治关系的精英阶层,是否以某种方式从这些每年产生数百亿美元的农场中获益。

But current and former state and federal law enforcement officials said that Beijing has certainly been aware, because much of the business has been conducted through WeChat, the Chinese social media platform that is closely monitored by the government.

但现任和前任的州及联邦执法官员表示,中国政府肯定是知情的,因为大量业务都是通过中国政府严密监控的社交平台微信进行的。

Chris Urben, a former senior agent with the D.E.A. in New York, said he became increasingly focused on marijuana toward the end of his career because it had become central to money laundering and organized crime.

纽约的前缉毒局高级特工克里斯·厄本表示,他在职业生涯后期越来越关注大麻,因为它已成为洗钱和有组织犯罪的核心。

“You’re talking billions of dollars,” he told a congressional panel in September. “It essentially put on steroids Chinese organized crime within the United States.”

“这里涉及的是数十亿美元,”他于9月在一个国会小组会议上表示。“它等于极大刺激了美国境内的华人有组织犯罪的发展。”

And the marijuana industry is far from under control, he said.

他还表示,大麻行业远未得到控制。

Operations like Botanical Green Farms LLC in Wynnewood, Oklahoma — which Lin visited last year — offer hints as to why.

位于俄克拉荷马州温尼伍德的Botanical Green Farms LLC(林河去年曾到访)的运营状况,就多少可见一斑。

Despite state rules requiring disclosure of all shareholders, trying to untangle the farm’s true ownership is a daunting task.

尽管州法规要求披露所有股东信息,但试图厘清该农场的真实所有权归属是一项艰巨的任务。

On paper, the 48-acre property about an hour south of Oklahoma City is 100% owned by a 66-year-old Oklahoma woman named Kimberly Hannah.

根据文件记录,这个位于俄克拉荷马城南约一小时车程、占地逾19公顷的农场由一位名为金伯利·汉娜的66岁俄克拉荷马州女性完全拥有。

But in an interview outside her home, Hannah’s husband, Terry D. Hannah, 79, said he and his wife were merely minority shareholders in the company.

但在家门外接受采访时,她79岁的丈夫特里·D·汉拿表示,他和妻子只是公司里的小股东。

When state regulators visit, “we have to talk to them to get the permits renewed,” Hannah said, but he added, “That’s about all our involvement.”

他说,当州监管人员来访时,“需要由我们出面与他们沟通以更新许可证,”汉拿表示。但他又补充道:“这差不多就是我们全部的参与了。”

State records show that he previously owned three marijuana businesses, now defunct, registered under the name of He Hui, a Chinese national with ties to Flushing who formerly owned the Wynnewood site. Earlier this year, He was sentenced to eight years in federal prison for marijuana trafficking.

州记录显示,他此前拥有三家大麻企业,如今都已关门,这些企业登记在何辉(音)名下——一名与法拉盛有联系的中国公民,曾是温尼伍德这处场地的所有者。今年早些时候,何辉因大麻贩运被判在联邦监狱服刑八年。

Hannah said he did not know who the current controlling shareholders of the Wynnewood farm were. Just that they were Chinese — and lived in New York City.

汉拿表示,他不知道温尼伍德农场目前的实际控制人是谁。只知道他们是华人——并且居住在纽约市。

摄影:Shuran Huang

Yi Liu和Shuran Huang对本文有报道贡献。Kirsten Noyes有研究贡献。

Jay Root是时报驻纽约州奥尔巴尼的调查记者,报道影响州和地方政府以及受州和地方政府影响的人员和事件。

Bianca Pallaro是时报记者,她将传统报道与数据分析技能相结合,通过将数字转化为有见地的信息来调查不当行为并解释复杂的问题。

傅才德(Michael Forsythe)是时报调查记者,常驻纽约。他此前曾驻中国,广泛报道该国各类议题。

翻译:纽约时报中文网

点击查看本文英文版。


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