Trump administration officials have ordered F.B.I. agents to gather documents about a decade-old investigation into a Democratic congressman and his ties to a suspected Chinese spy, according to people familiar with the matter.

据知情人士透露，特朗普政府官员已下令联邦调查局特工调取一份十余年前的调查案卷，该案卷涉及一名民主党众议员及其与一名涉嫌为中国间谍的女子的关联。

The effort has alarmed law enforcement officials who said they feared the material could be released publicly to smear the lawmaker, Representative Eric Swalwell, a prominent critic of President Trump who is now running for governor of California.

此举引发了执法部门官员的警惕。他们表示，担心这些材料可能被公之于众，用以抹黑这位议员——埃里克·斯沃韦尔。他是特朗普总统的知名批评者，目前正在竞选加利福尼亚州州长。

The investigation dates from more than a decade ago, when F.B.I. counterintelligence agents looked into a Chinese woman, Christine Fang, or Fang Fang, who assisted Mr. Swalwell with fund-raising. The F.B.I. concluded the investigation, and the Justice Department did not bring any criminal charges.

这项调查始于十多年前，当时联邦调查局反间谍特工对一名华裔女性克里斯汀·方（中文名方芳）展开调查，此人曾为斯沃韦尔的竞选募资提供协助。联邦调查局已完成该项调查，司法部也未对任何人提起刑事诉讼。

In recent days, scores of F.B.I. agents and other personnel in California were instructed to gather the documents on Mr. Swalwell and Ms. Fang, with the goal of working through the weekend to finish a review by early next week, the people said. Supervisors advised the agents to lightly redact the records to obscure some sensitive information and told them the files would be shared with senior administration officials in Washington.

知情人士称，加州数十名联邦调查局特工及其他工作人员近日，接到指令，要求调取关于斯沃韦尔与方芳的相关案卷，目标是周末完成梳理工作，下周初完成全部复核。主管人员告知特工，只需对案卷进行轻度涂黑，隐去部分敏感信息，并称这些文件将提交给华盛顿的政府高级官员。

The order from F.B.I. leadership has alarmed some career investigators, partly because the files are extensive and contain a significant amount of classified material and private information, the people said. They spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss orders intended to remain secret.

知情人士表示，联邦调查局高层下达的这一指令已让部分职业调查人员感到不安，部分原因是这批案卷内容庞杂，包含大量涉密材料与私人信息。因所谈论的指令本属机密，这些知情人士要求匿名。

A Justice Department spokesman and the White House referred questions to the F.B.I. A bureau spokesman did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

司法部发言人与白宫均将相关问题转给了联邦调查局，该局发言人暂未回应记者的置评请求。

The F.B.I. and Justice Department do not normally release derogatory information collected during an investigation about people if the subjects were not charged with any crime. There are occasional exceptions to that practice, including when Congress passed a law last year forcing the release of millions of pages from F.B.I. files about the convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein.

按照联邦调查局与司法部的常规操作，若调查对象未被提起任何刑事指控，调联邦调查局和司法部不会公布调查过程中收集到的对其不利的信息。这一惯例仅有极少数例外，比如去年国会通过一项法案，强制公开了联邦调查局案卷中数百万页关于已定罪性犯罪者杰弗里·爱泼斯坦的文件。

Some law enforcement personnel have expressed concern at what would remain unredacted and whether senior officials would misuse the material to score political points, perhaps by publicly releasing it, the people said. They added that the agency was expending significant resources on what appears to be a political errand.

知情人士称，一些执法人员对哪些内容将不作涂黑、予以保留表示担忧，并担心高层官员是否会滥用这些材料捞取政治资本，甚至可能将其公之于众。他们还补充称，该局正为这项看似政治差事的工作投入大量资源。

Ms. Fang left the United States for China in 2015, possibly because she had learned about the counterintelligence investigation into whether she was a spy. Mr. Swalwell has denied wrongdoing, and law enforcement officials have not presented any evidence that he knew of anything amiss about Ms. Fang.

方芳于2015年离开美国返回中国，原因可能是她获悉了这项针对她是否从事间谍活动的反间谍调查。斯沃韦尔始终否认存在任何不当行为，执法部门也从未拿出任何证据，证明他知晓方芳存在任何可疑行径。

In 2023, the House Ethics Committee ended a two-year investigation into the relationship between Mr. Swalwell and Ms. Fang without taking any further action.

2023年，众议院道德委员会结束了对斯沃韦尔与方芳关系的为期两年的调查，未采取任何进一步措施。

But Mr. Trump and his supporters have long pointed to the case to accuse the lawmaker of being a pawn of Chinese intelligence operatives.

但特朗普及其支持者长期以来一直拿这起案件说事，指责这位议员是中国情报机构的棋子。

“We now know the outrageous ends the White House will go to target political opponents,” Mr. Swalwell said in a statement on Saturday. “The reason Trump is so desperately trying to stop me is not because I’m running for governor of California, but because now I’m the favorite.”

斯沃韦尔在周六发布的声明中表示：“我们如今看清了，白宫为针对政治对手会做出何等离谱的事。特朗普如此不择手段想要阻止我，不是因为我在竞选加州州长，而是因为我现在是热门人选。”

“But Donald Trump and Kash Patel do not get to pick the next governor,” he added.

他还说：“但唐纳德·特朗普和卡什·帕特尔无权决定下一任州长的人选。”

斯沃韦尔（中）与其他加州州长候选人合影。

The Washington Post earlier reported on the F.B.I.’s orders to revisit the old case.

《华盛顿邮报》早前率先报道了联邦调查局重新梳理这起旧案调查的消息。

As a member of the House Judiciary Committee, which exercises oversight of the Justice Department and F.B.I., Mr. Swalwell has long clashed with the Trump administration.

作为众议院司法委员会成员（该委员会负责对司法部与联邦调查局行使监督权），斯沃韦尔长期以来与特朗普政府多有冲突。

In a hearing in September, Mr. Swalwell pressed Kash Patel, the bureau’s director, on why the F.B.I. had not released more documents on its investigation years ago into Mr. Epstein, a well-connected businessman who was indicted in 2019 on charges of trafficking underage girls for sex.

在今年9月的一场听证会上，斯沃韦尔就为何多年前未公开更多关于爱泼斯坦调查的文件向联邦调查局局长卡什·帕特尔提出质询。爱泼斯坦是一名人脉广泛的商人，2019年因涉嫌贩卖未成年少女从事性交易而被起诉。 

Mr. Patel yelled at Mr. Swalwell, denouncing his career as “a disgrace to the American people.”

帕特尔当场对斯沃韦尔大声斥责，称其职业生涯“是美国人民的耻辱”。

Mr. Swalwell has also earned Mr. Trump’s ire because of his vocal criticism of the president and his administration’s policies.

斯沃韦尔还因公开批评总统及其政府的政策而招致特朗普的愤怒。

He has often denounced Mr. Trump’s role in the Capitol riot on Jan. 6, 2021, and is among several Democrats appointed by Democratic leadership to a Republican-led House subcommittee that was formed to revise the historical record of those events. The Democrats on the subcommittee intend to try to compel it to stick to an accurate version of the day’s violence.

他多次公开谴责特朗普在2021年1月6日国会山骚乱事件中所扮演的角色，同时也是民主党领导层指派进入共和党主导的众议院特别委员会的数名民主党人之一。该小组委员会的成立旨在修订关于这些事件的历史记录，而委员会中的民主党人则试图迫使委员会维持当天暴力事件的真实原貌。

“Donald Trump is on a war path to rewrite that history,” Mr. Swalwell said in September after joining the subcommittee. “He has pardoned the insurrectionists, vilified the cops who defended us, attacked those who investigated him and even forced the Smithsonian to whitewash the record.”

斯沃韦尔在9月加入该委员会后曾表示：“唐纳德·特朗普正不遗余力地篡改这段历史。他赦免了暴乱分子，诋毁了保卫我们的警察，攻击了调查他的人，甚至逼迫史密森尼学会粉饰相关记录。”

Mr. Swalwell first came into contact with Ms. Fang when he was a council member in the city of Dublin, Calif., before being elected to the House in 2012, according to an Axios article from 2020. Since her days as a university student in the Bay Area, Ms. Fang had developed ties to a wide range of American politicians, including at least two mayors in the Midwest. Her activities eventually drew the interest of counterintelligence agents at the F.B.I.

据新闻网站Axios 2020年的一篇报道，斯沃韦尔在2012年当选联邦众议员之前担任加州都柏林市市议员，在那期间与方芳有了初次接触。从她在湾区读大学时起，方芳就与众多美国政界人士建立了联系，其中至少包括两名中西部地区的市长。她的活动最终引起了联邦调查局反间谍特工的注意。

In 2015, agents gave Mr. Swalwell a briefing about their suspicions of Ms. Fang, who they believed was acting under the direction of China’s main spy agency, the Ministry of State Security. Mr. Swalwell in turn severed his ties to her. She left for China that year.

2015年，特工向斯沃韦尔通报了他们对方芳的怀疑，认为她是在中国主要情报机构国家安全部的指挥下行事。斯沃韦尔随即与她断绝了所有联系。同年，方芳返回中国。

Ms. Fang could not be reached for comment.

记者无法联系到方芳置评。

In 2024, Hu Xijin, the former editor in chief of Global Times, a Chinese Communist Party newspaper, posted online a photo of him and Ms. Fang having lunch. He wrote that she had gone to the United States in 2009 to study and “did a lot of work to promote personnel exchanges” between the two nations. Then in 2015, he wrote, the C.I.A. and F.B.I. approached her and tried to get her to work for them through coercion and bribery.

2024年，中共党报《环球时报》前总编辑胡锡进在网上发布了一张自己与方芳共进午餐的照片。他写道，方芳2009年赴美留学，“为推动两国人员交流做了大量工作”。他还称，2015年，美国中央情报局和联邦调查局曾接触她，试图通过胁迫与贿赂让她为美方工作。

She fled the country three days after a “showdown” with the F.B.I., he said, and “in the end, her dreams were shattered.”

他表示，在与联邦调查局“摊牌”三天后，她逃离了美国，“最终，她的梦想破碎了”。