When Israel and the United States attacked Iran in late February, some Iranian opponents of the Islamic Republic hoped that it would bring an end to decades of theocratic rule they saw as oppressive.

当以色列和美国在2月下旬对伊朗发动袭击时，一些反对伊斯兰共和国的伊朗人曾希望，这能结束他们眼中长达数十年的压迫性神权统治。

Now, after devastating strikes and amid a teetering ceasefire, those hopes have been snuffed out. Feelings of disillusionment and despair have taken their place, driven by a reported death toll of 1,700 civilians, vast destruction and an economic implosion that has made daily life a struggle.

如今，经历了毁灭性的打击之后，在停火协议摇摇欲坠之际，这些希望已经破灭。取而代之的是幻灭和绝望的情绪。据报道有1700名平民丧生、大规模破坏以及导致日常生计举步维艰的经济崩溃无不加剧了这种情绪。

The ceasefire has provided some relief from bombs, but Sunday, it was looking even shakier after Iran launched a new barrage of ballistic missiles against Israel. Iranian officials cited Israel attacks in Lebanon, but the strikes raised the specter of Israeli retaliation on Iran.

停火协议为躲避炸弹提供了一些喘息之机，但在周日，随着伊朗向以色列发射了新一轮弹道导弹，停火局面显得更加岌岌可危。伊朗官员将此归咎于以色列在黎巴嫩的袭击，但这些打击增加了以色列对伊朗进行报复的担忧。

Beyond the military skirmishes, an economic war has sent the prices of basic goods skyrocketing. The crippling of critical industries and the effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz — a key trading route for Iran’s most precious export, oil — have tipped the already troubled economy into free fall.

除了军事冲突之外，经济战也导致了基本商品价格飙升。关键产业的瘫痪以及霍尔木兹海峡的实质性关闭令本就陷入困境的经济陷入自由落体式的衰退，霍尔木兹海峡是伊朗最宝贵的出口商品石油的关键贸易通道。

The on-again, off-again peace talks, along with U.S. proclamations that the war is over when it’s not, have left both supporters and opponents of the government confused and anxious, according to interviews using voice apps with more than 20 Iranians in Tehran, Isfahan, Ahvaz and Mashhad in the days before Sunday’s strikes.

在周日的空袭发生前几天，通过语音应用对德黑兰、伊斯法罕、阿瓦士和马什哈德的20多名伊朗人进行的采访显示，断断续续的和平谈判、美国在战争并未结束时便宣称战争已结束的言论让政府的支持者和反对者都感到困惑和焦虑。

“I’m angry. I feel alone,” Kimia, a 25-year-old designer, said in an interview from Tehran. “We don’t matter to the world at all; we’re only seen as tools for war and negotiation, while we are human beings.”

“我很愤怒。我感到孤独，”25岁的设计师基米亚在德黑兰接受采访时说。“对这个世界来说，我们根本不重要。我们只是被当做战争和谈判的工具，而我们也是活生生的人。”

For some of those desperate for regime change, learning that Israel and the United States had initially planned to install a former hard-line president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, as the country’s new ruler was a painful indignity. In interviews and in social media posts, several said that the disclosure of the plan by The New York Times left them feeling like bystanders in a geopolitical game with direct impact on their lives.

对于那些极度渴望政权更迭的人来说，得知以色列和美国最初曾计划扶植前强硬派总统马哈茂德·艾哈迈迪-内贾德作为该国新统治者是一种痛苦的侮辱。在采访和社交媒体的帖子中，一些人表示，《纽约时报》披露的这一计划让他们觉得，自己就像是一场地缘政治游戏中的旁观者，而这场游戏却直接影响着他们的生活。

Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the country’s longtime supreme leader, was killed in strikes on the first day of the war in February and has since been replaced by his son.

伊朗长期以来的最高领袖阿亚图拉阿里·哈梅内伊在2月开战第一天的袭击中丧生，此后由他的儿子接任。

“What was this all for?” asked Amirali, a 62-year-old engineer in Tehran, in an interview. “They bombed and destroyed our country, our airports, roads and factories in the name of regime change so they could bring Ahmadinejad? This shows the goal was never to make Iran better or free.”

“这一切都是为了什么？”德黑兰62岁的工程师阿米拉利在采访中问道。“他们以政权更迭的名义轰炸和摧毁我们的国家、我们的机场、道路和工厂，难道就是为了让艾哈迈迪-内贾德上台？这说明他们的目标从来不是让伊朗变得更好或自由。”

4月，一名男子站在德黑兰自己被毁的公寓内。虽然脆弱的停火协议在一定程度上缓解了人们对随时可能丧生的恐惧，但许多受访者表示，局势依然不明朗，令人感到焦虑。

Like all the Iranians interviewed, Kimia and Amirali asked to be identified only by their first names to avoid any possible retaliation.

与所有受访的伊朗人一样，基米亚和阿米拉利要求只使用他们的名字，以避免遭到任何可能的报复。

It has been a tumultuous year for Iranians. The United States and Israel struck Iran first in June 2025 in a short war and then attacked again starting in late February, hitting factories, airports, seaports, bridges, universities and densely populated residential neighborhoods. President Donald Trump said this latest war was meant to create conditions to displace the regime and to ensure Iran could never get a nuclear weapon.

对于伊朗人来说，这是动荡的一年。2025年6月，美国和以色列在一场短暂的战争中率先打击了伊朗，随后又从2026年2月下旬开始再次发动袭击，打击了工厂、机场、海港、桥梁、大学以及人口密集的住宅区。特朗普总统表示，最近的这场战争旨在为推翻现政权创造条件，并确保伊朗永远无法获得核武器。

Negotiations to end the conflict appear to be at a standstill, with one of the main sticking points being the Strait of Hormuz.

旨在结束冲突的谈判似乎陷入停滞，主要症结之一是霍尔木兹海峡问题。

Iran shut down internet service to the general public from the start of the war until late May, saying it was for national security reasons. Now that more people are back on social media, many of them are able to communicate with the world and with one another. Their messages paint a dire picture.

从战争开始到5月下旬，伊朗以国家安全为由关闭了面向普通公众的互联网服务。现在，随着更多的人重新使用社交媒体，许多人得以同世界以及彼此进行交流。他们传达的信息描绘了一幅严峻的景象。

A retired professor in Tehran who was critical of the government said in an interview that people had simply given up on political change and were focused on surviving day to day. A manager of a plastic bottle factory near Mashhad said production was shut down and all employees furloughed because it lacked raw materials after Israeli airstrikes on Iran’s petrochemical industry. A doctor in Isfahan said pharmacies were rationing medicine, and that the Health Ministry had advised doctors to prescribe only essential medications because of shortages.

德黑兰一位批评政府的退休教授在采访中表示，人们已经完全放弃了政治变革，只顾得上每天的生存。马什哈德附近一家塑料瓶工厂的经理说，由于以色列对伊朗石化工业发动空袭，导致原材料短缺，工厂已经停产，所有员工都被迫休假。伊斯法罕的一名医生表示，药店正在实行药品配给，而且由于物资短缺，卫生部已建议医生只开出基本药物。

德黑兰的一名街头小贩，他身后的墙上写着反美标语。

Many Iranians — even those who have opposed the theocratic regime — say they oppose the war and have suffered enough. They are increasingly looking at diplomatic negotiations as a means for stabilizing the country and the economy.

许多伊朗人——即使是那些曾经反对神权政权的人——都表示他们反对这场战争，并认为他们已经受够了苦难。他们越来越将外交谈判视为稳定国家和经济的一种手段。

“I am definitely in favor of negotiations right now given the circumstances,” said Lida, a 44-year-old environmental expert in Tehran who has been opposed to the government. “We lost a lot of lives and lost a lot of our infrastructure. We lost a lot of human resources and, to be honest, I don’t think that war is in our best interest.”

“考虑到目前的情况，我绝对赞成现在的谈判，”在德黑兰工作、44岁的环保专家、一直反对政府的莉达说。“我们失去了很多生命，损失了大量基础设施。我们失去了很多人力资源，说实话，我不认为战争符合我们的最大利益。”

Analysts say that the huge airstrikes led many Iranians who initially supported the war to change their minds.

分析人士表示，大规模空袭使得许多最初支持战争的伊朗人改变了想法。

“This is a moment of Iranians taking stock of the reality and calculating things that have worked and have not worked,” said Ellie Geranmayeh, a senior fellow at the European Council on Foreign Relations. “Accepting the resilience of the regime despite all your hopes is a very bitter moment for those opposing the regime to digest. It has arguably left the regime more powerful than it was.”

“此时此刻，伊朗人正在审视现实，评估哪些有效，哪些无效，”欧洲外交关系委员会高级研究员艾莉·盖兰马耶说。“尽管你抱有种种希望，但不得不承认这个政权的韧性，对于反对政权的人来说，这是一个非常痛苦且难以消化的时刻。可以说，这使得现政权比以前更加强大了。”

Trump’s contradictory remarks about Iran have further inflamed confusion and fury, analysts and several people interviewed said. He initially said help was on the way to Iranian protesters, then threatened to annihilate Iran’s ancient civilization. On Thursday in comments to the media, Trump said that he would “be honored” to meet Iran’s new supreme leader, Ayatollah Mojtaba Khamenei, if a deal was reached with Tehran.

分析人士和几位受访者表示，特朗普关于伊朗自相矛盾的言论进一步加剧了困惑和愤怒。他最初表示将向伊朗抗议者提供援助，随后又威胁要彻底消灭伊朗古老的文明。在上周四对媒体发表的评论中，特朗普表示，如果与德黑兰达成协议，他将“很荣幸地”会见伊朗新任最高领袖阿亚图拉穆杰塔巴·哈梅内伊。

That comment became an instant news headline in Iran, and people flooded social media with commentary and jokes, some referring to the fact that the ayatollah has not been seen in public since the war started. “Well, 90 million people in Iran want to see him too, but it’s a shame they don’t have that fortune. And now you’re arriving late and you want to get ahead of the line?” Ahmad Mosaddegh wrote on social media.

这一言论立刻成为伊朗的新闻头条，人们在社交媒体上发布了大量评论和段子，一些人提到，这位阿亚图拉自战争开始以来就未曾在公开场合露面。“好吧，伊朗的9000万人也想见他，但很遗憾他们没那个福气。你姗姗来迟，怎么现在还想插队？”艾哈迈德·摩萨台在社交媒体上写道。

But as the war drags on, some government supporters are also losing patience with their leaders.

但随着战争的拖延，一些政府支持者也对他们的领导人失去了耐心。

Mehdi, a 52-year-old government employee, said in an interview that he had attended pro-government rallies with his wife and children. But he said his salary runs out by the middle of the month, and he cannot afford to buy beef or chicken to feed his family.

52岁的政府雇员迈赫迪在采访中说，他曾和妻子、孩子一起参加过支持政府的集会。但他表示，他的工资到月中就花光了，他买不起牛肉或鸡肉来养家。

5月，德黑兰的一处批发市场。过去一年间，鸡蛋、食用油等许多生活必需品价格大幅飙升，有的涨至原来的两倍、三倍，甚至四倍。

And Hamed, a pro-government conservative, said in an interview that “the rising prices don’t distinguish between supporters and opponents of the government; it’s affecting us all.”

而亲政府的保守派人士哈米德在接受采访时表示：“不断上涨的物价并不会区分政府的支持者和反对者，它影响着我们所有人。”

Iran’s official statistics center announced last week that inflation had spiked compared with this period last year. The report said the price of cooking oil had increased by 430%, eggs by 345%, rice by 287% and milk by 139%.

伊朗官方统计中心上周宣布，与去年同期相比，通货膨胀率大幅飙升。报告称，食用油价格上涨了430%，鸡蛋上涨了345%，大米上涨了287%，牛奶上涨了139%。

“Nobody is thinking of them or taking their opinions into consideration,” Sanam Vakil, the Middle East and North Africa director for Chatham House, said, adding that Iranians she reached inside the country kept asking her what would happen to them. “They are just a casualty in this conflict that is beyond their influence and grasp.”

“没有人考虑到他们，也没有人考虑他们的意见，”英国皇家国际事务研究所中东和北非项目主任萨纳姆·瓦基尔说，她还说，她能联系到的伊朗国内民众一直在问她，他们的处境将会如何。“在这场他们无力影响、无法掌控的冲突中，他们只是无辜的牺牲品。”