The drones circled over the caves and crevices scattered around the mountain trails in northern Utah, feeding real-time video back to a search team on the ground looking for a missing hiker. Nineteen minutes later, they had her coordinates, bringing the rescue — a drill — closer to conclusion.

无人机在犹他州北部山路上散布的洞穴和裂缝上空盘旋，将实时视频传回给地面上寻找失踪徒步旅行者的搜救队。19分钟后，他们得到了她的坐标，这场救援（一场演习）也接近尾声。

“In this kind of environment, that’s actually pretty quick,” said Kyle Nordfors, a volunteer search and rescue worker. He was operating one of the drones, made by the Chinese company DJI, which dominates sales to law enforcement agencies as well as the hobbyist market in the United States.

“在这种环境下，这实际上是相当快的，”搜救志愿者凯尔·诺德福斯说。他正在操作一架由中国大疆公司制造的无人机，该公司在美国面向执法机构和业余爱好者市场的无人机销售中占据主导地位。

But if DJI’s drones are the tool of choice for emergency responders around the country, they are widely seen in Washington as a national security threat.

然而，虽然是全国各地紧急救援人员的首选工具，大疆的无人机在华盛顿被普遍视为对国家安全的威胁。

DJI is on a Defense Department list of Chinese military companies whose products the U.S. armed forces will be prohibited from purchasing in the future. As part of the defense budget that Congress passed for this year, other federal agencies and programs are likely to be prohibited from purchasing DJI drones as well.

大疆位列国防部的中国军工企业名单，美国军队禁止在未来购买名单上这些企业的产品。作为国会今年通过的国防预算的一部分，其他联邦机构和项目也可能被禁止购买大疆无人机。

The drones — though not designed or authorized for combat use — have also become ubiquitous in Russia’s war against Ukraine.

这些无人机虽然没有被设计或授权用于战斗，但在俄罗斯对乌克兰的战争中还是无处不在。

The Treasury and Commerce Departments have penalized DJI over the use of its drones for spying on Uyghur Muslims who are held in camps by Chinese officials in Xinjiang Province. Researchers have found that Beijing could potentially exploit vulnerabilities in an app that controls the drone to gain access to large amounts of personal information, although a U.S. official said there are currently no known vulnerabilities that have not been patched.

财政部和商务部对大疆进行了处罚，原因是它的无人机用于监视被中国官员关押在新疆拘禁营的维吾尔穆斯林。研究人员发现，北京可能会利用控制无人机的应用中的漏洞来获取大量个人信息，尽管一名美国官员表示，目前没有尚未修补的已知漏洞。

Now Congress is weighing legislation that could kill much of DJI’s commercial business in the United States by putting it on a Federal Communications Commission roster blocking it from running on the country’s communications infrastructure.

现在，美国国会正在考虑立法，将大疆列入联邦通信委员会的名单，禁止其在美国的通信基础设施上运转，这可能会扼杀大疆在美国的大部分商业业务。

The bill, which has bipartisan support, has been met with a muscular lobbying campaign by DJI. The company is hoping that Americans like Mr. Nordfors who use its products will help persuade lawmakers that the United States has nothing to fear — and much to gain — by keeping DJI drones flying.

该法案得到两党的支持，大疆发起了强有力的游说活动。公司希望像诺德福斯这样使用其产品的美国人能够帮助说服立法者，让大疆无人机继续飞行对美国来说没有什么可害怕的，反而会令其受益匪浅。

But the influence campaign is facing a skeptical audience.

但这场影响力运动面对的，是一群持怀疑态度的观众。

“DJI presents an unacceptable national security risk, and it is past time that drones made by Communist China are removed from America,” Representative Elise Stefanik, Republican of New York and one of the bill’s primary sponsors, said in an emailed statement this month.

“大疆构成了不可接受的国家安全风险，共产主义中国制造的无人机早就该从美国撤出，”纽约州共和党众议员、该法案的主要发起人之一埃莉斯·斯特凡尼克本月在电子邮件声明中说。

纽约州共和党众议员埃莉斯·斯特凡尼克表示，大疆无人机构成了“不可接受的国家安全风险”。

Government agencies have shown that DJI drones are providing data on “critical infrastructure” in the United States to the Chinese Communist Party, Ms. Stefanik said, without elaborating. “Any attempt to claim otherwise is a direct result of DJI’s lobbying efforts.”

斯特凡尼克说，各政府部门已经证明，大疆无人机正在向中国共产党提供美国“关键基础设施”的数据，但她没有就此进行详细说明。“任何与此相左的看法，都是大疆游说努力的直接结果。”

The bill that would effectively ground DJI drones, known as the Countering CCP Drones Act, was passed unanimously by the House Energy and Commerce Committee last month. The legislation could come to a floor vote in the House in the next month or two, said a lobbyist and a China expert who had been briefed on the plans, as part of what they described as a planned “China week” during which a number of curbs on the country’s business operations in the United States could be considered.

上个月，众议院能源和商务委员会一致通过了《反中共无人机法案》，将在事实上禁飞大疆无人机。一名听取了相关计划简报的游说者和一名中国问题专家表示，该法案可能会在未来一两个月在众议院进行投票，他们称这属于计划中的“中国周”的一部分，在这一周里，可能还会考虑对中国在美国的商业活动施加一些限制。

The bill is also likely to find backers in the Senate, which has introduced a variety of restrictions on Chinese-made drones in recent years.

该法案还可能在参议院获得支持，参议院近年来对中国制造的无人机实施了各种限制。

In the midst of the 2024 campaign, both parties are eager to show they are tough on China. The Senate on Tuesday passed a bill that would force ByteDance, the Chinese owner of the popular social media network TikTok, to sell the app within a year or cease to operate in the United States. President Biden signed it into law on Wednesday.

在2024年的竞选活动中，两党都急于表明对中国的强硬态度。周二，参议院通过了一项法案，将迫使流行社交媒体网络TikTok的中国所有者字节跳动在一年内出售这款应用，否则将停止它在美国运营。拜登总统周三签署了该法案，使之成为法律。

Like TikTok, DJI drones are widely popular in the United States. David Benowitz, a former DJI employee who works for the U.S. drone maker BRINC, estimated that DJI drones accounted for 58 percent of the commercial market in 2022. There is no precise and recent data for DJI’s popularity among law enforcement agencies, but a Bard College study from 2020 that drew from F.A.A. records pegged the company’s share at 90 percent.

和TikTok一样，大疆无人机在美国也很受欢迎。在美国无人机制造商BRINC工作的前大疆员工戴维·贝诺维茨估计，2022年，大疆无人机占据58%的商用市场。关于大疆在执法机构中的受欢迎程度，目前还没有精确的最新数据，但巴德学院从2020年开始的一项研究显示，该公司在执法机构中的份额为90%。

DJI’s lobbying efforts have drawn on grass-roots support from users who fear that a ban of the company’s drones would be disruptive and expensive, especially since U.S. suppliers have not proven they can compete on cost or quality.

大疆的游说活动得到了草根用户的支持，他们担心禁止该公司的无人机将带来破坏性影响，而且成本高昂，尤其是在美国供应商尚未证明自己在成本或质量上具有竞争力的情况下。

“Beyond the national security risks these drones pose, we need a robust and competitive American drone industry,” Representative John Moolenaar, Republican of Michigan and the chairman of the House committee on competition between the United States and China, said in a statement.

“除了考虑这些无人机带来的国家安全风险，我们还需要一个强大而有竞争力的美国无人机产业，”密歇根州共和党众议员、众议院美中竞争委员会主席约翰·莫伦纳尔在声明中说。

DJI spent $1.6 million on lobbying last year, according to Open Secrets, which tracks money in politics. The company has spent at least $310,000 so far this year, according to its Senate lobbying disclosures. Some of those dollars have helped set up meetings with lawmakers for emergency responders who use DJI’s drones.

据追踪政治资金的“公开的秘密”组织称，大疆去年在游说上花费了160万美元。根据该公司在参议院的游说披露，今年迄今为止，该公司至少花费了31万美元。其中一些资金用于安排使用大疆无人机的紧急救援人员与立法者会面。

The company has also funded a website called the Drone Advocacy Alliance, according to Vic Moss and Chris Fink, two drone users who manage the site. Its aim is partly to raise awareness about the Countering CCP Drone Act and includes a template for directly contacting lawmakers.

该公司还资助了一个名为“无人机倡导联盟”的网站。管理该网站的两名无人机用户维克·莫斯和克里斯·芬克称，它的部分目的是提高人们对《反中共无人机法》的认识，还包括一个直接联系立法者的模板。

“Our products are designed and intended to promote the general good and benefit society,” Regina Lin, a DJI spokeswoman, said in a statement. She denied that the drones had been involved in human-rights violations and said they were not meant for surveillance.

大疆发言人雷吉娜·林（音）在声明中表示：“我们的产品旨在促进整体利益，造福社会。”她否认无人机涉及侵犯人权的行为，并表示无人机并非用于监视。

DJI recently opened a showroom on a prime stretch of Fifth Avenue in Manhattan to display its drones, which range from $279 to at least $9,000 and are used for a wide variety of purposes, including amateur and professional photography and videography and architecture.

大疆最近在曼哈顿第五大道的黄金地段开设了一家门店，其中展示的无人机价格从279美元到至少9000美元不等，用途广泛，包括业余和专业的图片和视频拍摄以及建筑。

上月，曼哈顿的一家大疆零售店。2022年，该公司的无人机占美国商用市场的近60%。

“Me and some of my friends use them to measure the terrain and to get the dimension of buildings,” said Paolo Dallapozza, an Italian architect who visited the store recently.

“我和一些朋友用它们来测量地形，得到建筑物的尺寸，”最近去了门店的意大利建筑师保罗·达拉波扎说。

Amid rumblings that China hawks in Congress might blacklist lobbyists representing Chinese companies with military ties and their other clients, at least two firms representing DJI — the Vogel Group and Avoq — broke ties with DJI in February, according to Senate lobbying disclosures. DJI quickly hired new representatives, Senate filings show, including Liberty Government Affairs, which is run by a former senior aide to Senator Rand Paul, the Kentucky Republican who has been hostile to efforts to rein in TikTok.

有传言称，国会中的对华鹰派可能会将代表与军方有联系的中国公司及其他客户的游说者列入黑名单，根据参议院披露的游说信息，至少有两家代表大疆的公司——沃格尔集团和Avoq——在2月与大疆切断了关系。参议院提交的文件显示，大疆迅速聘请了新的代表，其中包括自由政府事务，该机构由肯塔基州共和党参议员兰德·保罗的前高级助手管理，这位参议员一直对控制TikTok的努力持敌对态度。

DJI lawyers have complained to the Pentagon about its inclusion on the roster of Chinese military companies. DJI has sought, so far unsuccessfully, to have itself removed. The lawyers noted among other points that DJI’s ownership by state-owned enterprises in China — including several banks, a state-owned insurance company and two municipal funds — accounts for less than a 6 percent stake in the company.

大疆律师就其被列入中国军工企业名单一事向五角大楼提出申诉。到目前为止，大疆一直试图让自己被撤出这个名单，但没有成功。律师们指出，大疆由中国国有企业持股，其中包括几家银行、一家国有保险公司和两家市政基金，但它们所占的股份不到6%。

“DJI’s ownership is primarily concentrated in the hands of its founders and early-stage executives, none of whom are government officials or representatives of government or state-owned entities,” Loretta Lynch, the former attorney general under President Barack Obama who is now a partner at Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison, wrote in a letter to the Defense Department in July.

“大疆的所有权主要集中在创始人和早期高管手中，他们都不是政府官员，也不是政府或国有实体的代表，”曾在贝拉克·奥巴马政府任司法部长的洛丽塔·林奇今年7月在给国防部的信中写道。林奇现在是保罗、韦斯、里夫金德、沃顿与加里森律师事务所的合伙人。

The Pentagon, however, is unbowed.

然而，五角大楼不为所动。

As China “attempts to blur the lines between civil and military sectors, ‘knowing your customer’ is critical,” said Jeff Jurgensen, a Defense Department spokesman.

国防部发言人杰夫·尤根森说，随着中国“试图模糊民用和军事部门之间的界限，‘了解你的客户’至关重要”。

“U.S. companies must be vigilant against contributing to P.R.C. military programs,” he added, referring to the People’s Republic of China.

“美国公司必须警惕为中国的军事项目提供资金，”他还说。

大疆的律师就该公司被列入中国军工企业名单向五角大楼提出投诉。

Strategy discussions among DJI’s lobbyists have taken on a panicky tone in recent weeks, according to a company representative who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss confidential details. Users like Mr. Fink — a former 911 dispatcher who runs a drone shop in Fayetteville, Ark., that sells a variety of makes and models, including some by DJI — have tried to step in.

大疆公司的一名代表称，最近几周，大疆公司的游说者们在讨论策略时显得很慌乱。由于讨论的是机密细节，这名代表要求匿名。曾是911调度员的芬克在阿肯色州费耶特维尔经营着一家无人机商店。店中销售各种品牌和型号的无人机，其中包括大疆的一些产品。

Mr. Fink said he was less focused on where the drone was built than on ensuring that consumers had a choice of quality products. “I think we just need the more competitive offerings we can have that provide a cohesive, reliable, safe, easy-to-use system,” he said.

芬克说，他更关注的不是无人机在哪里制造，而是确保消费者有选择优质产品的权利。“我认为我们只需要提供更具竞争力的产品，提供一个严密、可靠、安全、易用的系统，”他说。

Michael Lighthiser handles a large fleet of drones, including many produced by DJI, for George Mason University in Fairfax, Va. He has met virtually with the state’s representatives, including staff members for Senator Tim Kaine, a Democrat, to argue against proposed curbs on the use of DJI drones. But in an acknowledgment of the political reality, Mr. Lighthiser said he also recently bought a fixed-wing vertical takeoff drone from Event 38 Unmanned Systems, a manufacturer based in Richfield, Ohio.

迈克尔·莱特希泽为弗吉尼亚州费尔法克斯的乔治梅森大学管理着一大批无人机，其中许多是大疆生产的。他与该州的代表做了网络会面，其中包括民主党参议员蒂姆·凯恩的工作人员，他向代表们表示反对限制使用大疆无人机。但莱特希泽也承认政治现实，他说自己最近还从俄亥俄州里奇菲尔德的制造商Event 38 Unmanned Systems那里购买了一架固定翼垂直起降无人机。

The Event 38 drone cost a little more than DJI’s version, Mr. Lighthiser said, but “I don’t want to buy a Chinese-made product that might be taken away in a month.”

莱特希泽说，Event 38无人机的价格略高于大疆的版本，但是“我不想买一个可能一个月后就会被收走的中国制造产品。”