Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken cheered on the sidelines at a basketball game in Shanghai on Wednesday night, and spent Thursday chatting with students at New York University’s Shanghai campus and meeting American business owners. It all went to emphasize the kind of economic, educational and cultural ties that the United States is pointedly holding up as beneficial for both countries.

国务卿布林肯周三晚上在上海一场篮球比赛的场边助威，周四在纽约大学上海校区与学生们进行交流，并会见了美国企业主。这一切都是为了凸显两国经济、教育和文化上的联系，美国一直强调，这种联系对双方都有利。

But hanging over those pleasantries during his visit to China this week are several steps the U.S. is taking to sever economic ties in areas where the Biden administration says they threaten American interests. And those will be the focus of greater attention from Chinese officials, as well.

但在他本周访华期间的这些客套背后，美国也正在采取措施，在一些拜登政府认为威胁到美国利益的领域内切断与中国的经济联系。这些也将成为中国官员更加关注的焦点。

Even as the Biden administration tries to stabilize the relationship with China, it is advancing several economic measures that would curb China’s access to the U.S. economy and technology. It is poised to raise tariffs on Chinese steel, solar panels and other crucial products to try to protect American factories from cheap imports. It is weighing further restrictions on China’s access to advanced semiconductors to try to keep Beijing from developing sophisticated artificial intelligence that could be used on the battlefield.

拜登政府在试图稳定与中国的关系的同时，正在推进几项经济措施，限制中国进入美国经济，遏制中国获得美国技术。它准备提高对中国钢铁、太阳能电池板和其他关键产品的关税，以保护美国工厂免受廉价进口产品的冲击。它还在考虑进一步限制中国获得先进半导体的途径，以阻止北京开发可用于战场的复杂人工智能。

This week, Congress also passed legislation that would force ByteDance, the Chinese owner of TikTok, to sell its stake in the app within nine to 12 months or leave the United States altogether. The president signed it on Wednesday, though the measure is likely to be challenged in court.

本周，国会还通过了一项立法，要求TikTok的中国所有者字节跳动公司在9到12个月内出售该应用，否则会在美国遭禁。总统于周三签署了该法案，尽管该法案可能在法庭上受到挑战。

Mr. Blinken’s visit, which was expected to take him to Beijing on Friday for high-level government meetings, had a much more cordial tone than on the trip he made to China last year. That trip was the first after a Chinese spy balloon traveled across the United States, tipping the American public into an uproar.

布林肯预计于周五前往北京举行高层会晤，此次访问的基调与他去年的中国之行相比要缓和得多。那一次是在中国间谍气球穿越美国，在美国公众引发义愤之后的首次访问。

周三，布林肯在上海观看上海久事队与浙江稠州金租队的篮球比赛时，与伯恩斯大使交谈。

In a meeting with the Shanghai Communist Party secretary Thursday morning, Mr. Blinken said direct engagement between the U.S. and China was both valuable and necessary.

布林肯周四上午会见上海市委书记时表示，美中之间的直接接触是有价值的，也是必要的。

“We have an obligation for our people — indeed an obligation to the world — to manage the relationship between our two countries responsibly,” he said.

“我们对我们的人民有义务，对全世界有义务，要负责任地处理我们两国之间的关系。”

Speaking to students at the N.Y.U.’s Shanghai campus later that morning, he said the educational exchanges the students were engaged in provided a “ballast” for a complicated and confrontational relationship.

当天上午晚些时候，他在纽约大学上海校区对学生们说，学生们参与的教育交流为复杂而充满对抗的关系提供了“压舱石”。

Since President Biden met with the Chinese leader, Xi Jinping, in California in November, the U.S.-China relationship has seemed more stable, with nothing like the dramatic ups and downs of the trade spats under former President Donald J. Trump.

自从拜登总统去年11月在加州会见中国国家主席习近平以来，美中关系似乎变得更加稳定，没有出现前总统特朗普任内的贸易争端那样的大起大落。

But the Biden administration has still been marching toward a more restrictive economic relationship with China.

但拜登政府仍在寻求更加严厉的对华经济关系。

That includes controls on semiconductor technology, which are being raised by both sides as a more prominent issue than ever before. The Biden administration has been weighing further export controls, particularly on factories that have been helping produce advanced semiconductors for the Chinese tech giant Huawei.

其中包括对半导体技术的管制，双方都将其作为一个比以往任何时候更为突出的问题。拜登政府一直在考虑进一步的出口管制，尤其是针对那些一直在帮助中国科技巨头华为生产先进半导体的工厂。

“By explicitly trying to degrade Chinese tech capabilities, especially on advanced AI, the United States has moved export controls to the forefront of the U.S.-China agenda,” said Emily Benson, a trade expert at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a Washington think tank.

华盛顿智库战略与国际研究中心的贸易专家艾米丽·本森表示：“通过明确试图削弱中国的技术能力，特别是在先进的人工智能方面，美国已将出口管制推向美中议程的前沿。”

In a call between Mr. Biden and Mr. Xi earlier this month, both leaders raised the technology controls as matters of central importance.

在本月早些时候拜登和习近平的通话中，两位领导人都将技术控制视为至关重要的问题。

Mr. Biden emphasized that the United States would continue to take necessary actions to prevent advanced American technologies from being used to undermine its own national security, without unduly limiting trade and investment, according to the White House.

据白宫称，拜登强调，美国将继续采取必要行动，防止美国的先进技术被用来破坏自身国家安全，同时又不会过度限制贸易和投资。

Mr. Xi said that putting new sanctions on China was not “de-risking,” but creating risks. If the United States was bent on “containing China’s hi-tech development and depriving China of its legitimate right to development, China is not going to sit back and watch,” he said, according to the official Xinhua News Agency.

习近平说，对中国实施新的制裁不是在“去风险”，而是在制造风险。据新华社报道，他说，如果美国一心想“打压中国的高科技发展，剥夺中国的正当发展权利，我们也不会坐视不管”。

U.S. officials say their restrictions are necessary given China’s authoritarian government and statist economic model. But the moves have rankled Chinese leaders and pushed tensions over economic measures to their highest point in years.

美国官员称，鉴于中国的威权政府和国家主义的经济模式，这些限制是必要的。但这些举措激怒了中国领导人，并将围绕经济措施的紧张关系推至多年来的最高点。

The measures are not just emanating from the U.S. government: Susan Shirk, the author of “Overreach: How China Derailed Its Peaceful Rise,” said that China had pivoted toward a more self-sufficient industrial policy, and has been seeking to supplant the United States as a high-tech superpower under Mr. Xi.

这些措施并非只源于美国政府，《过度扩张——中国如何偏离和平崛起》一书的作者谢淑丽(Susan Shirk)说，中国也已经转向了更具自主性的产业政策，并一直试图在习近平领导下取代美国成为高科技超级大国。

“Xi openly acknowledges that while he wants China to be less dependent on other countries, he wants to keep other countries dependent on China ‘as a powerful countermeasure and deterrent’ as he put it, ‘against them cutting off supply,’” Ms. Shirk said.

谢淑丽说，“习近平公开承认，虽然他希望中国减少对其他国家的依赖，但他希望其他国家继续依赖中国，用他的话说，‘形成对外方人为断供的强有力反制和威慑能力’。”

China, too, has allowed security concerns to affect a greater proportion of its economy, even as Mr. Xi and other Chinese leaders have tried to reassure foreign businesses that their investment is welcome. A new national security law has extended Beijing’s reach into Hong Kong, threatening the city’s status as a financial hub. American executives have been alarmed by China’s investigations of foreign firms, as well as the country’s broader rules against sharing data and information with foreigners.

习近平和其他中国领导人试图向外国企业保证，他们的投资是受欢迎的，但中国也让安全顾虑左右了很多的经济决策。一项新的国家安全法将北京的触角延伸到了香港，威胁到香港作为金融中心的地位。中国对外国公司的调查，以及中国禁止与外国人分享数据和信息的更广泛规定，令美国高管们感到担忧。

Despite China’s complaints about the U.S. government’s efforts to crack down on TikTok, China itself has for decades banned other Western social media services. Apple said last week that Beijing had ordered it to remove WhatsApp and Threads from app stores in China.

尽管中国抱怨美国政府打击TikTok的努力，但中国自己几十年来一直禁止西方社交媒体服务。苹果上周表示，北京下令将WhatsApp和Threads从中国的应用商店下架。

周四，布林肯与中共上海市委书记陈吉宁举行会晤。

Mr. Blinken and other U.S. officials have emphasized that American export controls, sanctions and other restrictions being imposed on Chinese tech companies apply to only a small fraction of the broader U.S.-China relationship. Elsewhere, trade is encouraged, they say.

布林肯和其他美国官员强调，美国对中国科技公司实施的出口管制、制裁和其他限制只适用于更广泛的美中关系的一小部分。他们说，在其他领域，贸易是受到鼓励的。

In a report this week, the U.S.-China Business Council, a group of 270 American companies that do business in China, estimated that U.S. exports to China supported more than 900,000 American jobs in 2022, though goods exports fell in 2023 due to China’s lackluster economy, U.S. tariffs and other factors.

在本周的一份报告中，由270家在中国开展业务的美国公司组成的美中贸易全国委员会估计，美国对中国的出口在2022年支持了90多万个美国就业岗位，尽管由于中国经济低迷、美国关税和其他因素，商品出口在2023年有所下降。

“It is important for us to remind U.S. lawmakers and those in influential positions that every state and congressional district in the U.S. maintains its own economic and trade relationship with China, and changes in U.S.-China trade policy should be considered very carefully,” said Craig Allen, the group’s president.

该组织主席克雷格·艾伦表示：“我们有必要提醒美国议员和那些有影响力的人士，美国每个州和国会选区都与中国保持着自己的经济和贸易关系，应该非常慎重地考虑美中贸易政策的变化。”