The areas where the United States and China can work together seem to be shrinking fast, and the risks of confrontation are growing. But it was clear on Friday that both countries are trying to salvage what they can.

美中两国可以合作的领域似乎正在迅速缩小，而对抗的风险正在增加。但周五的情况很明显地说明，两国都在努力挽回它们所能挽回的。

Preserving some semblance of cooperation — and the difficulty of doing so — was at the heart of a meeting between Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken and China’s leader, Xi Jinping, in Beijing on Friday. It was the latest effort by the rivals to keep communications open even as disputes escalate over trade, national security and geopolitical frictions.

美国国务卿安东尼·布林肯与中国领导人习近平周五在北京举行了会谈，讨论的核心问题是如何保持某种程度的合作，以及这样做的难度。在贸易、国家安全和地缘政治摩擦等争端不断升级的情况下，这是两国为保持沟通所做的最新努力。

Officials in both countries said they had made progress on a few smaller, pragmatic fronts, including setting up the first U.S.-China talks on artificial intelligence in the coming weeks. They also said they would continue improving communications between their militaries and increase cultural exchanges.

两国官员均表示，他们在一些较小的、务实的方面取得了进展，包括在未来几周内举行首次中美人工智能会谈。他们还表示将继续改善两国军方之间的沟通，增加文化交流。

But on fundamental strategic issues, each side held little hope of moving the other, and they appeared wary of the possibility of sliding into further conflict.

但在基本战略问题上，双方都对改变对方不抱什么希望，而且似乎都对陷入进一步冲突的可能性保持警惕。

China has accused the United States of working to stifle its technological progress and encircle Chinese interests in the Pacific.

中国指责美国致力于扼杀中国的技术进步，围堵中国在太平洋地区的利益。

The Biden administration is deeply concerned that cheap Chinese exports are endangering U.S. jobs, and is threatening more sanctions on China if Beijing does not roll back its support of Russia in its war in Ukraine.

拜登政府则对中国廉价出口危及美国就业深表担忧，并威胁称，如果中国政府不在乌克兰战争中撤回对俄罗斯的支持，将对中国实施更多制裁。

“Russia would struggle to sustain its assault on Ukraine without China’s support,” Mr. Blinken said at a pre-departure news conference on Friday. “I made clear that if China does not address this problem, we will.”

“没有中国的支持，俄罗斯将难以维持对乌克兰的攻击，”布林肯在周五的出发前新闻发布会上说。“我做出了明确表示，如果中国不解决这个问题，我们就会解决。”

Mr. Blinken said he had pressed China to take further actions to stem the flow of materials used to make fentanyl, including prosecuting those who were selling chemicals and equipment.

布林肯表示，他已敦促中国采取进一步行动，阻止用于制造芬太尼的原材料的流通，包括起诉那些出售化学品和设备的人。

He said the issue of TikTok, the Chinese-owned social media platform that faces a potential U.S. ban in nine to 12 months under a law passed this week, did not come up.

他说，关于TikTok的问题没有在会谈中被提及。根据本周通过的一项法律，由中国企业拥有的社交媒体平台TikTok可能在九到12个月内面临美国的禁令。

In a sign of how the countries’ relations — which hit perhaps their lowest point in decades last year — had stabilized in recent months, Chinese officials struck a more conciliatory tone on Friday than they had during Mr. Blinken’s last visit, in June.

两国关系在去年可能跌到了几十年来的最低点，但近几个月来趋于稳定，与布林肯去年6月的上次访问相比，中国官员在周五的语气更加缓和。

“China is happy to see a confident, open, prosperous and thriving United States” Mr. Xi told Mr. Blinken, according to a Chinese foreign ministry readout. “We hope the U.S. can also look at China’s development in a positive light.”

“中国乐见一个自信、开放、繁荣和兴盛的美国，”根据中国外交部发布的会谈纪要，习近平对布林肯这样说。“我们希望美方也能积极看待中国的发展。”

Mr. Blinken told Mr. Xi that he hoped to move forward on agreements on topics where Mr. Xi and President Biden had agreed to cooperate after they met near San Francisco in November.

布林肯告诉习近平，他希望就习近平和拜登总统去年11月在旧金山郊外会晤时同意合作的议题达成协议。

“We are committed to maintaining and strengthening lines of communication to advance that agenda and again deal responsibly with our differences so we avoid any miscommunications, any misperceptions, any miscalculations,” Mr. Blinken said.

布林肯说：“我们致力于保持并加强我们之间的沟通渠道，以推进这一议程，并如我之前所言，负责任地处理我们之间的分歧，以避免任何误解、误会和误判。”

在布林肯周五与中国外交部长王毅的会晤中，王毅警告，两国关系中的负面因素正在加剧。

Still, more factors appear to be driving the two countries apart than keeping them together. Geopolitical disputes in Ukraine and the Middle East have presented new challenges. With an election approaching in the United States, the Biden administration is under pressure to offer more protections for American factories against Chinese imports.

不过，导致两国渐行渐远的因素似乎多于维系两国关系的因素。乌克兰和中东的地缘政治争端带来了新的挑战。随着美国大选的临近，拜登政府承受着压力，要为美国工厂提供更多抵御中国进口产品的措施。

Mr. Xi told Mr. Blinken that “the international situation is fluid and turbulent,” and that the United States and China should “honor words with actions, rather than say one thing but do the opposite,” according to the Chinese readout.

习近平告诉布林肯，“国际形势风云变幻，”中美两国应“言行一致，而不是说一套做一套”。

China’s foreign minister, Wang Yi, who spent over five hours with Mr. Blinken on Friday, was more blunt, warning that negative factors in the relationship were “increasing and building.”

中国外交部长王毅周五与布林肯共处了五个多小时，他的发言更加直截了当，警告称两国关系中的负面因素正在“增加和积累”。

In recent weeks, U.S. officials have begun more urgently raising concerns about China’s economic assistance to Russia and have held out the possibility of further sanctions, including on the Chinese banks that have financed the trade.

最近几周，美国官员开始更迫切地提出对中国向俄罗斯提供经济援助的担忧，并表达了进一步制裁的可能性，包括对为贸易提供资金的多家中国银行。

Mr. Blinken said on Friday that the Chinese support for Russia was creating a threat not just to Ukraine, but to Europe more broadly, and that European leaders shared those concerns.

布林肯周五表示，中国对俄罗斯的支持不仅对乌克兰，而且对整个欧洲都构成了威胁，欧洲领导人也有同样的担忧。

“All I can tell you is I was extremely clear about our concerns in some detail,” he said. “But we’ll have to see what actions follow from that.”

“我只能告诉你们，我非常详细地说明了我们的担忧，”他说。“但我们还得看看接下来有何行动。”

In a briefing with reporters in mid-April, a senior Biden administration official said that China had provided Russia with significant quantities of semiconductors, drones and industrial materials. That was helping to fill critical gaps in Russian supply chains that might otherwise cripple Russia’s war effort, causing the Russian military sector to expand more quickly than American officials had believed possible.

拜登政府的一位高级官员在4月中旬向记者通报情况时表示，中国向俄罗斯提供了大量半导体、无人机和工业材料。这有助于填补俄罗斯供应链中的关键缺口，否则这些缺口可能削弱俄罗斯的战争行动，中国的行为导致俄罗斯军事部门的扩张速度超出了美国官员的想象。

China has denied providing weapons to Russia, which Washington has said would be a red line. Otherwise, though, Chinese officials have shown little inclination to scale back their ties with Russia. On Thursday, soon after Mr. Blinken arrived in Beijing from Shanghai, President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia announced that he would visit China in May, in probably his first overseas trip since securing re-election last month.

中国否认向俄罗斯提供武器，而华盛顿称这是一条红线。除此之外，中国官员几乎没有表现出减少与俄罗斯联系的倾向。周四，就在布林肯从上海抵达北京后不久，俄罗斯总统普京宣布，他将于5月访问中国，这可能是他上月成功连任后的首次海外之行。

一名乌克兰士兵进入乌克兰顿涅茨克地区的战壕。拜登政府正试图警告中国不要支持俄罗斯的战争。

Asked about Mr. Putin’s announcement at a routine news briefing on Friday, a spokesman for the Chinese foreign ministry said he had no information to provide.

在周五的例行新闻发布会上，当被问及普京的这一声明时，中国外交部发言人表示他没有相关信息可提供。

Trade frictions between the countries also continue to simmer, as American officials consider adding new tariffs on Chinese imports and restricting more exports of technology to China because of national security concerns.

中美之间的贸易摩擦也持续升温，美国官员出于国家安全考量，正在考虑对中国进口商品增加新的关税，并对向中国的技术出口施加更多限制。

Economic ties between the countries have long provided a source of strength for the relationship, a point Mr. Blinken reiterated while meeting with business executives in Shanghai on Thursday.

长期以来，两国之间的经济联系一直是两国关系的力量源泉，布林肯周四在上海会见企业高管时重申了这一点。

But with American businesses calling for more protections against China, and the prospect of a return of Donald J. Trump to the presidency, economic issues could turn more explosive.

但是，随着美国企业呼吁针对中国采取更多保护措施，以及特朗普可能再次成为总统的前景，经济问题可能会变得更容易点燃争端。

To jump-start the economy, Mr. Xi and other Chinese leaders are stoking factory production and exports. But American leaders believe they must protect U.S. manufacturing, particularly the new factories making semiconductors, solar panels and car batteries in which the Biden administration is investing tens of billions of dollars this year.

为了启动经济，习近平和其他中国领导人正在刺激工厂生产和出口。但美国领导人认为，他们必须保护美国的制造业，特别是拜登政府今年投资数百亿美元新建的半导体、太阳能电池板和汽车电池生产厂。

At his news conference, Mr. Blinken said that China alone was producing more than 100 percent of global demand for products like solar panels and electric vehicles, and was responsible for one-third of global production but only one-tenth of global demand.

布林肯在新闻发布会上表示，在太阳能电池板和电动汽车等产品上，仅中国一国的产量就已经超过了全球需求量的100%以上，中国的产量占全球的三分之一，但需求量仅占全球的十分之一。

“This is a movie that we’ve seen before, and we know how it ends,” he said. “With American businesses shuttered and American jobs lost.”

“我们以前看过这个故事，我们知道它的结局，”他说。“美国企业关门，美国人失业。”

Mr. Wang, the foreign minister, also saved some of his sharpest words for American trade policy. “The United States has adopted an endless stream of measures to suppress China’s economy, trade, science and technology,” he told Mr. Blinken during their meeting, according to the Chinese foreign ministry. “This is not fair competition but containment, and is not removing risks but creating risks.”

王毅外长也将一些最尖锐的言辞留给了美国的贸易政策。“美国针对中国的经贸科技打压措施层出不穷，”据中国外交部的会谈纪要，王毅在与布林肯会晤时这样说。“这不是公平竞争，而是遏制围堵，不是去风险，而是制造风险。”

China knows that it likely has little room to sway the United States on trade, said Xie Tao, the dean of the School of International Relations and Diplomacy at Beijing Foreign Studies University. Instead, the Chinese government seems to be putting its focus on people-to-people exchanges, Professor Xie said.

北京外国语大学国际关系与外交学院院长谢韬表示，中国知道自己在贸易问题上影响美国的余地不大。他说，中国政府似乎把重点放在了人际交流上。

Chinese media outlets have frequently raised Mr. Xi’s goal, announced after the summit near San Francisco last year, of inviting 50,000 young Americans to visit China. (Mr. Blinken said on Friday that he supported more Americans studying in China.)

中国媒体经常提到习近平在去年旧金山峰会后宣布的邀请5万名美国青年访华的目标。(布林肯周五表示，他支持更多美国人到中国学习）。

“The Chinese government is really investing a lot of energy in shaping the future generation of Americans’ view of China,” Professor Xie said.

谢韬表示：“中国政府确实投入了大量精力来塑造未来一代美国人对中国的看法。”